Compare the social and cultural characteristics of the North, the South, and the West during the Antebellum period, including the lives of African- Americans and social reform movements such as abolition and women’s rights.

Free Blacks and Slaves in the 1800’s Most African-Americans in the antebellum South were slaves and considered property. Chattel Slavery. Slave families were often separated Marriages were not legally recognized Suffering forged strong bonds and religious organizations. There were some free blacks in both the north and south and many of these were mulattos.

The Second Great Awakening 1797 to 1859 saw a revival of religion This religious zeal increased peoples involvement in social movements and reform movements.

The Abolitionist Movement Starting in the 1830’s this movement wanted to eliminate slavery made up of mostly middle class New Englanders and Quakers from Pennsylvania. ****William Lloyd Garrison- owned a newspaper (The Liberator) and printed anti- slavery messages out of Boston. His paper was banned in the South ***Angela and Sarah Grimke- sisters who came from slaveholding families in S.C. and gave passionate anti-slavery speeches.

Sarah and Angelina Grimke

Important Black Abolitionists ***Fredrick Douglas- an escaped slave and self-educated he gave speeches and wrote about the evils of slavery. ***Harriet Tubman- an escaped slave who returned to the South 19 times to lead other slaves to freedom on the Underground Railroad. ***Sojourner Truth- a freed slave who gave fiery speeches to advance the abolition of slavery

Harriet Beecher Stowe she wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin which was a fictional account or the horrors faced by the slave family in the south. She was white, but her book motivated many northerners to support the abolition of slavery.

Education Reform, Prison Reform, and the Temperance Movement Horace Mann- wanted to educate both men and women in public schools and his ideas eventually led the U.S. to be the most literate country in the world. Dorothea Dix- was angered by the conditions in the prison system and insane asylums and treatment of the mentally retarded. Eventually, all three situations got better. ***The Temperance Movement- a group of mostly women who wanted to moderate the used of alcohol early and eventually wanted to encourage total abstinence. They succeeded in convincing several states and eventually the U.S. to ban the sale and manufacture of alcohol.

The Women’s Rights Movement Women who had participated in the abolitionists and temperance movement found themselves being discriminated against by the men they work with. This led to the Women’s Rights Movement In reaction to this treatment Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton organized the first women’s rights convention, the Seneca Fall Convention of 1848, at Seneca Falls, New York This convention demanded the women’s suffrage. Susan B. Anthony started as an abolitionist, but eventually became a leader in the suffrage movement In 1920 women did get the right to vote with the adoption of the 19 th Amendment

EOC SAMPLE QUESTION: 1. Which of the following is the BEST description of the abolitionist movement that arose in the 1800’s? A. Since it was a movement to end slavery, it only attracted African-Americans and a handful of white northerners. B. Harriet Beecher Stowe was a hero of the movement for her willingness to return to the South secretly and help other slaves escape via the Underground Railroad. C. Because it was a social movement, religious conviction was rarely seen as a motivation for the abolitionist movement D. It was a movement that impacted society through writings, literature, political speeches, and acts of heroism.

2. What was unusual about the Grimke sister’s role in the abolitionist movement? A. They were white, northern Quakers rather than escaped slaves B. Their book, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, inspired many to join the abolitionist cause even though they had never visited a plantation C. They, themselves, were members of a rich, southern, slave-owning family D. They were former slaves who could read and write.

3. Which of the following is true of the Abolitionist Movement? A. It did not include southern whites B. Religion had little influence on the movement C. African-Americans and whites from both the North and South took part D. Because of sexual discrimination, no women of note became prominent leaders until after the Civil War.

4. Harriet Tubman was known as the “Moses” of her people because she A. Helped slaves escape from the South B. Was instrumental in bringing about suffrage reform C. Advocated emigration to Africa for black people D. Organized mass civil rights demonstrations E. Traveled as a lay minister preaching the gospel