10/1 Agenda 10/1 Agenda Journal: What is academic honesty? 1.Academic presentation: Mrs. Ellis. 2.Finish outlining the Lockean liberalism article. 3.French and Indian War

THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR

Background  Struggle for supremacy in colonies – England, Spain and France – Both English and French tried to settle the same land Ohio Valley

 Both the colonies and the British government felt that France was a greater danger than Spain.

The French had put up forts along the borders of the colonies from Lake Erie southward to the forks of the Ohio River (where the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers join to form the Ohio River).

They might have been for protection but to the British looks like they are trying to attack and/or take over, the enemy with whom they have been fighting with, off and on, for thousands of years. The one at the forks of the Ohio, Fort Duquesne, was on land claimed by both Pennsylvania and Virginia.

The war is known as the French and Indian War in America and began in In Europe, it is known as the Seven Years War and lasted from 1756 through 1763.

CAUSES  European balance of power – Great Britain, France, and Spain fighting  Ohio Country  Geopolitics – Control of the west = control of the Continent

 The French fight against the British, with Indian allies on both sides.  Reasons for war were: power, land, money, because of cultural differences but also commonality and close proximity leading to tension.

Ohio Country

Timeline of the War  1747: A group of wealthy planters form the Ohio Company to obtain land beyond the Appalachian Mountains.  1751: Robert Dinwiddie, the new Virginia governor, joins the Ohio Company. This intertwines the interests of the state with private interests.

 1754: Governor Dinwiddie sends militiamen into the Ohio country. They are led by young George Washington. Their mission: see what the pesky French are doing.  1754: George Washington and his men fight and lose to the French. It is the start of the French and Indian War. Albany Congress meets. It is intended to make treaties with the Indians. Ben Franklin proposes a union of the colonies, which does not happen.

More about the start  George Washington led Virginia militia into French Territory – encountered French  Fighting occured, French officer Jumonville killed- Washington retreats  Built Fort Necessity on low ground  Rain flooded the fort  Washington signed “The Articles of Capitulation”- states killing of Jumonville was an assassination – creates international incident

Albany Congress  Purpose: treaty with Indians to ally with the British  Delegates hope to create a union of the colonies- 1 st attempt  Franklin writes the Albany Plan of Union  Rejected by British and Colonial governments

KEY BATTLES AND TREATY  Fort Dusquesne – 1755 British defeat – Indians join French  Fort Dusquesne – 1758 British victory – War debt rises  Quebec Falls – 1759 French surrender  Treaty of Paris –1763 Britain gets Florida, Canada, and land east of the Mississippi River

Fort Dusquesne

Battle of Quebec

Results  The war officially ended with the Treaty of Paris of In it, Britain receives Florida from Spain. Britain also receives Canada and all land east of the Mississippi River except the port of New Orleans from France.

 Britain does return the West Indian islands of Martinique and Guadeloupe to France and persuaded the French to give Spain, New Orleans and Louisiana in a separate treaty.

 Until the French and Indian War, Great Britain followed the policy of Salutary Neglect. (They were letting the colonies do what they wanted to do as long as England received what it wanted. For example, the British let the colonists set up their governments and import slaves. They simply want their materials/products).

 After the conclusion of the French and Indian War (Seven Years’ War), the micro- managing starts, because the British needed to finance their huge war debt. They need more money and start cracking down on the tax laws that were long neglected.

Other Results of the French and Indian War  Importance of alliance with Native Americans realized  Royal Proclamation of – Stops westward colonial expansion – Difficult to enforce  Taxes and Troop Presence imposed on the colonies

Proclamation Act 1763