Ch:16 Reconstruction and the New South

16:1 Rebuilding the Nation

8.83 Analyze the choice of Andrew Johnson as Vice- President, his succession to the Presidency, his plan for Reconstruction and his conflict with the Radical Republicans Compare the 10 Percent Plan to the Radical Republican Plan for Reconstruction Explain the effects of the Freedmen’s Bureau and the restrictions placed on the rights and opportunities of freedmen, including racial segregation and Jim Crow laws. Standards:

Describe the postwar challenges that faced the nation. Compare and contrast President Lincoln’s plan for Reconstruction with the plan proposed by Congress. Identify the goals of the Freedmen’s Bureau. Describe the immediate impact of Lincoln’s assassination. Objectives:

Abraham Lincoln – president who wanted to bind up the wounds of the Civil War as quickly as possible amnesty – a group pardon freedman – a man or woman who was legally freed from slavery after the Civil War John Wilkes Booth – a Confederate sympathizer who shot President Lincoln Terms and People

How did the government try to solve key problems facing the nation after the Civil War? After the Civil War, enormous problems faced the nation, especially the South. The government developed a plan for states to return to the Union and created an organization to help people freed from slavery.

After the Civil War, vast stretches of the South lay in ruins. Americans had to bring the North and South together again. This process was known as Reconstruction.

What plans would be made for people who had been freed from slavery? Americans were forced to consider difficult questions during Reconstruction. Who would help the homeless refugees who needed food, shelter, and work?

List 2 postwar challenges that faced the nation. Formative Assessment:

President Abraham Lincoln and Congress proposed different plans for Reconstruction. President Lincoln’s plan Ten Percent Plan 1.Offered amnesty, or official pardon, to Southerners 2.When 10% of a state’s voters swore an oath of loyalty and agreed that slavery was illegal they could organize a new state government. 3.Lincoln wanted to restore order quickly. 4.Tennessee quickly complied

President Abraham Lincoln and Congress proposed different plans for Reconstruction. Congress’s plan Wade- Davis Bill 1.Congress felt the President shouldn’t be in control of the process, they felt that only Congress had the power to admit states. 2.When 50% of a state’s voters(men) swore loyalty and banned slavery they could organize a new state government. 3.Only Southerners who never supported or held offices in the Confederacy could hold office. 4.Lincoln refused to sign bill into law.

Lincoln’s Ten Percent Plan made it easy for southern states to rejoin the Union. That state could form a new state government. That government declared an end to slavery. 10% of a state’s voters swore loyalty to the U.S. The state could take part in national government again. Former Confederates would receive amnesty. If…Then…

The Wade-Davis Bill was much stricter. That state could rejoin the Union. People in that state had voluntarily fought for the Confederacy. 50% of a state’s voters swore loyalty to the U.S. They would not have voting rights. Lincoln refused to sign the bill, so it was never passed. If…Then…

Lincoln believed that a “soft” policy would help him win support from influential southerners. Others argued that a strict plan would keep the South from regaining power and weaken their control. Republican leaders had different ideas about how to keep their party strong in the new South.

Explain what President Lincoln’s plan for Reconstruction with the plan proposed by Congress had in common. Explain what made the 2 plans different. Formative Assessment:

Freedom Brought Changes Newly freed slaves faced many changes. – Married couples could legalize their marriages. – Families searched for members who had been sold away. – Many moved from mostly white counties to places with more African Americans. Freed people demanded same economic and political rights as white citizens. – Many former slaves wanted their own land to farm. – Many white planters refused to surrender their land. – The U.S. government returned land to its original owners. – William T. Sherman wanted to divide the land into 40 acres plots and give them ( and a mule) to former slaves as compensation for slavery.

In 1865, Congress established the Freedmen’s Bureau. The Bureau’s first duty was to provide emergency relief to people displaced by the war. This included freed slaves and certain poor people in the South.

The Freedmen’s Bureau set up schools in the South. Many southern states lacked public education before the war. Now, 3,000 public schools and several universities (Howard & Fisk) began to educate both blacks and whites. It was hoped that better education would lead to better jobs.

The Freedmen’s Bureau defended the freedom of former slaves in several ways. It helped freedmen find jobs. It resolved disputes between white Americans and freedmen. It set up its own courts to deal with some disputes.

List the primary goals of the Freedmen’s Bureau. Formative Assessment:

President Lincoln did not live to put his plans into practice. Lincoln was shot by John Wilkes Booth, a Confederate sympathizer, while attending a play. Booth was captured and killed, but Americans remained stunned by Lincoln’s death. lincoln/videos/the-other-side-of-lincoln-lincolns-assassination

Lincoln’s successor was Vice President Andrew Johnson, a southern Democrat who had remained loyal to the Union. Many Americans expected him to take a strict approach to Reconstruction. Johnson had shown bitterness toward the Confederates.

What was the response of people in the North to Lincoln’s assassination? The South? Formative Assessment: