Introduction to Building Trades Denver High School

Architectural Drafting and Design

The Architectural Process 1.Pre-Design Phase (PD) 2.Schematic Design Phase (SD) 3.Design Development Phase (DD) 4.Construction Documents Phase (CD) 5.Bidding and Negotiation Phase (BN) 6.Construction Observation/ Contract Administration Phase (CA) 7.Supplemental Services (SS)

Construction Document Notes Contract Documents include the contract, working drawings, and specifications The three primary parties involved in any construction project include the owner, architect, and contractor Building Codes and Standards regulate architecture and provide a safeguard for the health, safety, and welfare of the general public

Producing Working Drawings Formerly all working drawings were produced by hand. Today, CAD systems have been able to supplant previous hand drawing equipment. However, CAD still requires the careful decision making and calculations of a trained architect.

Typical Architectural Drafting Equipment Required Equipment: –Pencils –Eraser –Erasing Shield –Triangles –Protractor –Scales –Dividers –Compass –Lettering Guide –Technical Pens –Irregular Curves –Drawing Board –T-Square

Typical Traditional Architectural Drafting Equipment Optional Equipment –Case Instruments –Drafting Machine –Beam Compass –Proportional Dividers –Architectural Templates –Flexible Curve –Lead Sharpener –Cleaning Cloth –Case for Equipment

Typical Architectural Drafting Equipment Supplies Drafting Paper Drafting Tape Ink

Computer Aided Drafting (CAD) Architectural working drawings today are primarily produced through CAD.

Drawing Line-Types Object Line Dimension LineExtension Line

The Working Drawing Set Plot Plan Floor Plan Exterior Elevation Interior Elevation Building Cross Section Wall Sections & Details Foundation Plan Framing Plan Schedules

Plot Plan Shows where the new building will be placed in relation to existing site A Plot Plan Calls Out: The New Building Location and All Property Lines Concrete Paving, Aprons, Curb Cuts, Sidewalks, North Arrow Grades and Elevations New Landscaping Existing Utility Lines Existing Site Drainage New Landscaping Details

Floor Plan The most important architectural drawing. It Contains more information than all other working drawings and is consulted by personnel of all trades on the job.

Floor Plans Continued Floor Plans Specify: 1.Titles or numbers for all rooms, spaces, hallways 2.All necessary dimensions 3.Window symbols and door swings 4.Stair symbols and notes showing the direction of rise up or down 5.Thresholds and symbols for plumbing fixtures in the kitchens, baths, and laundries 6.Built-in cabinets, shelves, and rods in closets 7.Areas of mechanical equipment, duct space, pipe chases, vertical conduit runs, fireplace, and stacks 8.All structural features cut by the horizontal plane, such as columns or bearing walls 9.Correct symbols for all materials cut by the horizontal section and their proper size and location

Exterior Elevation Orthographic projection views of the outside faces of a building (2-Dimensional) They are always projected at 90 degrees to the surface being viewed. The required number of elevation drawings varies with the layout (Shape) of the building

Exterior Elevations Continued Elevation drawings call out: Critical vertical dimensions including: bottom and top of footing, top of foundation wall, top of sill plate, top of double top plate, bearing level of roof joists Show the configuration of the new finished grade line in a heavy solid line and the existing grade line in a dashed line Indicate roof pitch

Interior Elevation Drawing These are designed to reveal the interior features of a building, particularly the finishes and equipment. They are basic orthographic views of various room walls and are simple drawings meant only to inform bidders and contractors of the finishes, configurations, dimensions, and anything else applicable to these walls. They are not required in every set of working drawings

Building Cross Sections Used to cut a building across the short or long dimension to reveal the construction and relationships of construction systems and areas. “Sectioning” is like slicing a sandwich which reveals all the details of the “interior construction” They show and indicate major structural features of a building using minimal details ex. Slabs, walls, floors, trusses, roofs, beams, They are indicated with cross section symbols in the elevation drawings

Cross Section Symbol

Wall Sections and Details Created by sectioning the building vertically, from the bottom of the footing through the roof. Blown-Up details are utilized for areas where the work is shown in small size As many wall sections as necessary should be used to display even differences in wall construction

Foundation Plan Type of floor plan that looks down on the foundation and footing system from above Shows all bearing walls, column piers, columns, etc. Shows all spread, isolated, continuous, and other footings in their proper locations, sizes, and configurations with a dashed line

Framing Plan Act to lay out floor joist and rafter alignments Completely define the framing system and all associated items in construction: bridging, decking, sheathing, accessories, anchors, trim Provide a complete structural system

Schedules Fancy architectural term for chart The use of schedules allows for the display of large amounts of information in an orderly fashion Schedules are often used for room finishes, doors, windows, openings, lintels, beams, columns, reinforcing, equipment, hardware, footings, etc.

The Working Drawing Set Plot Plan Floor Plan Exterior Elevation Interior Elevation Building Cross Section Wall Sections & Details Foundation Plan Framing Plan Schedules