April 13 th The Edict of Nantes grants political rights to French Huguenots Thomas Jefferson, third President of the United States ( )Thomas JeffersonPresident of the United States

Agenda 1.Announcements 2.Warm Up 3.Americas Geography * Map Activity 4.The Maya 5.Aztecs and Inca

Objectives Students will be able to… 68. Compare and contrast the Mayan, Aztec, and Incan civilizations.

Geography

Latin America’s Physical Geography

Latin America is divided into three regions: Mexico and Central America Caribbean South America

Mexico and Central America 2,500 miles (about as wide as the US) mountains dominate the region – part of a huge system that extends from Canada, through the US, and all the way to the tip of South America central plateau in Mexico – lies between Sierra Madre mountains and makes up more than half the country’s area Central America is an Isthmus. – isthmus = a narrow strip of land that has water on both sides and joins two larger bodies of water – many volcanoes in Central America, as a result, their soil is fertile and many people farm lands

Mexican Plateau

Gulf of Mexico bordered by the US to the north, five Mexican states to the south, and Cuba to the east

Sierra Madre Mountains mountain system in Mexico three major chains: the Sierra Madre Occidental in the west, the Sierra Madre Oriental in the east, and the Sierra Madre del Sur, which extends along the southern coast – The Sierra Madre range contains some of the highest mountains and volcanoes in Mexico.

Sierra Madre Mountains

Mexico and Central America

Panama Canal canal across the isthmus of Panama in Central America – allows vessels to travel between the Pacific and Atlantic oceans handles a large volume of world shipping and enables vessels to avoid traveling around South America, reducing their voyages by thousands of miles and many days. – consists of artificially created lakes, channels, and a series of locks, or water-filled chambers, that raise and lower ships through the mountainous terrain of central Panama

Panama Canal

Caribbean small islands are made of coral – skeletons of tiny sea animals, rock- like substance larger islands are tops of underwater mountains – examples: Cuba, Jamaica

Caribbean Sea partially enclosed on the north and east by the islands of the West Indies, and bounded on the south by South America and Panama, and on the west by Central America a major trade route for Latin American countries a popular resort area—noted for its mild tropical climate and beautiful waters

Caribbean Sea

South America Andes Mountains—4,500 miles along west coast – They rise at some points to 20,000 feet— same height as twenty 100 story buildings stacked on top of each other – 2 nd largest mountains; Himalayas are the 1st highlands east of the Andes Amazon River Basin—contains the largest tropical rain forest (Amazon Rain Forest) in the world; covers 1/3 of the continent

Andes

Amazon Rain Forest

Coming to America

Migration routes

Map Activity

Mayan Civilization G R A P E S Objective #68

Mayan Civilization G Mexico and Central America R A P E S

Mayan Civilization G Mexico and Central America Rainforests R A P E S

Mayan Civilization G Mexico and Central America Rainforests R Polytheistic Worship at pyramid temples A P E S

Mayan Civilization G Mexico and Central America Rainforests R Polytheistic Worship at pyramid temples A Written language P E S

Mayan Civilization G Mexico and Central America Rainforests R Polytheistic Worship at pyramid temples A Written language Calendar P E S Mathematics and science (astronomy – Help maintain calendar of religious rituals

Mayan Civilization G Mexico and Central America Rainforests R Polytheistic Worship at pyramid temples A Written language Calendar Math and science (astronomy) P E S

Mayan Civilization G Mexico and Central America Rainforests R Polytheistic Worship at pyramid temples A Written language Calendar Math and science (astronomy) P City-states Kings E S Cities traded local products and resources Agriculture-based society – Slash-and-burn and advanced farming techniques

Mayan Civilization G Mexico and Central America Rainforests R Polytheistic Worship at pyramid temples A Written language Calendar Math and science (astronomy) P City-states Kings E Agriculture Trade S King Nobles (priests and warriors) Merchants and artisans Peasants

Mayan Civilization G Mexico and Central America Rainforests R Polytheistic Worship at pyramid temples A Written language Calendar Math and science (astronomy) P City-states Kings E Agriculture Trade S Kings, priests and nobles, merchants and artisans, peasants

Chichén Itzá

Mayan Atlas Activity Read & Answer the questions for the Mayan Civilization (8 min)

GRAPES! G R A P E S G R A P E S Aztecs Inca

GRAPES! G R A Calendar P E S G R A P E S Aztecs Inca

GRAPES! G Central Mexico Arid (cactus!) R Sun god A Calendar P E S G R A P E S Aztecs Inca

GRAPES! Aztecs G Central Mexico Arid (cactus!) R Sun god A Calendar P E S Inca G R A Machu Picchu P E S

GRAPES! Aztecs G Central Mexico Arid (cactus!) R Sun god Human sacrifice A Calendar P E S Inca G R A Machu Picchu P E S

GRAPES! Aztecs G Central Mexico Arid (cactus!) R Sun god Human sacrifice A Calendar Tenochtitlan P E S Inca G R A Machu Picchu P E S

Polytheism

GRAPES! Aztecs G Central Mexico Arid (cactus!) R Sun god (Polytheism) Human sacrifice A Calendar Tenochtitlan P E S Inca G R Polytheism A Machu Picchu P E S

GRAPES! Aztecs G Central Mexico Arid (cactus!) R Sun god (Polytheism) Human sacrifice A Calendar Tenochtitlan P E S Inca G R Polytheism A Machu Picchu Road system (chasquis = runners) P E S

Agriculture!

GRAPES! Aztecs G Central Mexico Arid (cactus!) R Sun god (Polytheism) Human sacrifice A Calendar Tenochtitlan P E Agriculture S Inca G R Polytheism A Machu Picchu Road system (chasquis = runners) P E Agriculture S

Terrace Farming

GRAPES! Aztecs G Central Mexico Arid (cactus!) R Sun god (Polytheism) Human sacrifice A Calendar Tenochtitlan P E Agriculture S Inca G R Polytheism A Machu Picchu Road system (chasquis = runners) P E Agriculture (terrace farming) S

Tribute

GRAPES! Aztecs G Central Mexico Arid (cactus!) R Sun god (Polytheism) Human sacrifice A Calendar Tenochtitlan P Tribute-based empire E Agriculture S Inca G R Polytheism A Machu Picchu Road system (chasquis = runners) P Tribute-based empire E Agriculture (terrace farming) S

State-controlled economy

GRAPES! Aztecs G Central Mexico Arid (cactus!) R Sun god (Polytheism) Human sacrifice A Calendar Tenochtitlan P Tribute-based empire E Agriculture S Inca G R Polytheism A Machu Picchu Road system (chasquis = runners) P Tribute-based empire E Agriculture (terrace farming) State-controlled economy S

GRAPES! Aztecs G Central Mexico Arid (cactus!) R Sun god (Polytheism) Human sacrifice A Calendar Tenochtitlan P Tribute-based empire (conquest) E Agriculture S Inca G R Polytheism A Machu Picchu Road system (chasquis = runners) P Tribute-based empire E Agriculture (terrace farming) State-controlled economy S

GRAPES! Aztecs G Central Mexico Arid (cactus!) R Sun god (Polytheism) Human sacrifice A Calendar Tenochtitlan P Tribute-based empire (conquest) E Agriculture S Inca G Andes mountains South America (Peru) R Polytheism A Machu Picchu Road system (chasquis = runners) P Tribute-based empire E Agriculture (terrace farming) State-controlled economy S

Emperor

GRAPES! Aztecs G Central Mexico Arid (cactus!) R Sun god (Polytheism) Human sacrifice A Calendar Tenochtitlan P Tribute-based empire (conquest) Emperor E Agriculture S Inca G Andes mountains South America (Peru) R Polytheism A Machu Picchu Road system (chasquis = runners) P Tribute-based empire Emperor E Agriculture (terrace farming) State-controlled economy S

Tlatelolco

GRAPES! Aztecs G Central Mexico Arid (cactus!) R Sun god (Polytheism) Human sacrifice A Calendar Tenochtitlan P Tribute-based empire (conquest) Emperor E Agriculture Tlatelolco (market – trade) S Inca G Andes mountains South America (Peru) R Polytheism A Machu Picchu Road system (chasquis = runners) P Tribute-based empire Emperor E Agriculture (terrace farming) State-controlled economy S

Quipu

GRAPES! Aztecs G Central Mexico Arid (cactus!) R Sun god (Polytheism) Human sacrifice A Calendar Tenochtitlan P Tribute-based empire (conquest) Emperor E Agriculture Tlatelolco (market – trade) S Inca G Andes mountains South America (Peru) R Polytheism A Machu Picchu Road system (chasquis = runners) Record keeping (quipu) P Tribute-based empire Emperor E Agriculture (terrace farming) State-controlled economy S

Montezuma

GRAPES! Aztecs G Central Mexico Arid (cactus!) R Sun god (Polytheism) Human sacrifice A Calendar Tenochtitlan P Tribute-based empire (conquest) Emperor – Montezuma E Agriculture Tlatelolco (market – trade) S Inca G Andes mountains South America (Peru) R Polytheism A Machu Picchu Road system (chasquis = runners) Record keeping (quipu) P Tribute-based empire Emperor E Agriculture (terrace farming) State-controlled economy S

Ayllu

GRAPES! Aztecs G Central Mexico Arid (cactus!) R Sun god (Polytheism) Human sacrifice A Calendar Tenochtitlan P Tribute-based empire (conquest) Emperor – Montezuma E Agriculture Tlatelolco (market – trade) S Inca G Andes mountains South America (Peru) R Polytheism A Machu Picchu Road system (chasquis = runners) Record keeping (quipu) P Tribute-based empire Emperor E Agriculture (terrace farming) State-controlled economy S Ayllu (organized labor system)

Pachacuti

GRAPES! Aztecs G Central Mexico Arid (cactus!) R Sun god (Polytheism) Human sacrifice A Calendar Tenochtitlan P Tribute-based empire (conquest) Emperor – Montezuma E Agriculture Tlatelolco (market – trade) S Inca G Andes mountains South America (Peru) R Polytheism A Machu Picchu Road system (chasquis = runners) Record keeping (quipu) P Tribute-based empire Emperor – Pachacuti E Agriculture (terrace farming) State-controlled economy S Ayllu (organized labor system)

Nobles and slaves

GRAPES! Aztecs G Central Mexico Arid (cactus!) R Sun god (Polytheism) Human sacrifice A Calendar Tenochtitlan P Tribute-based empire (conquest) Emperor – Montezuma E Agriculture Tlatelolco (market – trade) S Noble class; slaves Inca G Andes mountains South America (Peru) R Polytheism A Machu Picchu Road system (chasquis = runners) Record keeping (quipu) P Tribute-based empire Emperor – Pachacuti E Agriculture (terrace farming) State-controlled economy S Ayllu (organized labor system)

Atlas Activities Aztecs & Incas

Civilizations Fall Maya – Mysterious collapse, probably fighting each other which hurts agriculture, or over-farming destroyed the economy Aztecs – Montezuma II makes enemies with demands – Invaded by Spanish (Hernan Cortez) Inca – Sons divide the empire and fight about it – Invaded by Spanish (Francisco Pizzaro)

Mr. Poth’s Rule of World History #10 Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.

THE END!