1. North America
Yucatan
Peninsula
South America
Andes Mts.

2. Toltec Empire
Geographic commonalities?
Incan Empire
Aztec Empire
Mayan Empire

3. Map Label from pg. 23 in Atlas
Pacific Ocean Cities
Atlantic Ocean Tenochtitlan
North America Chichen Itza
South America Cuzco
Mesoamerica
Gulf of Mexico
Amazon River
Andes Mountains
Yucatan Peninsula
Caribbean Sea
Mayas
Aztec Empire
Incan Empire
Incan Road System

4. Characteristics of Mayan, Aztec, and Incan Civilizations
Major Civilizations of the Western Civilization
Characteristics of Mayan, Aztec, and Incan Civilizations
Characteristic
Mayans
Aztecs
Incas
Dates
250 B.C. – A.D. 900
A.D – 1521
A.D
Location
Central American rain forest – Yucatan Peninsula
Valley in Central Mexico – modern Mexico City
Andes Mountains – west coast of South America
Represented by
Chichen Itza
Tenochtitlan
Machu Picchu
Political Style/Rule
Independent city-states; ruled by god-kings
Emperor
Economy (Based on?)
Agriculture & trade
Mainly Maize!
Agriculture
+ Tribute from conquered peoples
High-altitude, terrace agriculture; Maize, potatoes & variety of other crops
Religion
Polytheistic/animistic – ancestor + sun worship pyramids/temples + human sacrifice
Polytheistic/animistic; pyramids/temples
Ancestor + Sun God
Extensive human sacrifice!!
Polytheistic/animistic
ancestor + sun worship
Achievements/Characteristics
Advances = math, calendars, astronomy
Most advanced writing!
Mysterious decline
Society based on warfare, expansion and tribute!
Conquered by Spanish
- Calendars
Extensive road system
Linked empire + helped rule

5. Chart Analysis
Politically, how did the Mayas differ from the Aztecs and Incas?
What main crop was the foundation of agriculture for the Mayas, Aztecs, and Incas?
Write a sentence describing the religious commonality between the Mayas, Aztecs and Incas.
Write a sentence describing a religious difference between the groups.
How may the Mayas have benefitted from their achievements?
Who do you think was the most war-like and aggressive of the 3 groups?
Why do you think the Incas needed an extensive road system more than the Mayas & Aztecs?
Which 2 groups were more influenced by the Europeans? Why?

6. Maize =
Foundation of Mesoamerican agriculture

7. Aztec religious temple
in Mexico

8. Mayan religious temple
Chichen Itza
Mayan religious temple

9. Machu Picchu
Incan city in Andes Mts.

10. Part of massive Incan road system through the Andes Mountains

11. Incan road system

12. Warm Up: Commonalities?
Toltec Empire
968 C.E ?
Warm Up: Commonalities?
Incan Empire
1438 C.E
Aztec Empire
Mayan Empire
250 B.C.E.-900 C.E.

14. Chinampas = Aztec farming technique

15. Aztec farming technique
Chinampas
Aztec farming technique

16. Aztec farming technique
Chinampas
Aztec farming technique

17. Chinampas = Aztec farming technique

18. Aztec Chinampas farming technique

19. Chinampas

20. Aztec Chinampa System Main Purpose
Reason for Technique/Obstacle being overcome
Beneficial Characteristics
Aztec Chinampa System
How Constructed
Addition Benefits to Society

21. Treaty of Tordesillas Created 7 June 1494 in Tordesillas, Spain
Ratified
2 July 1494 in Spain 5 September 1494 in Portugal
Authors
Pope Alexander VI
Signatories
Ferdinand II of Aragon
John II of Portugal
Purpose
To divide trading and colonizing rights for all newly discovered lands between Spain and Portugal to the exclusion of other European nations
Most of S. Amer & all of N.Amer. To Spain
Brazil to Portugal

22. 1494 Spain Portugal Most of S. Amer & all of N.Amer. to Spain
Brazil to Portugal
1494