For TomorrowFor Tomorrow  Read Section 4, Ch. 16. Take your own notes. On Monday you will be able to iuse these notes in class – possible quiz.

Holocaust  Definition: Systematic murder of people by the Nazis across Europe, more than half of whom were Jews

The Holocaust BeginsThe Holocaust Begins  In Mein Kampf Hitler blames the Jews for everything wrong with Germany – Extreme Anti- Semitism  1933—Hitler takes power  Enabling Act  1935—Nuremberg Laws  Citizenship revoked  Anti-Semitism & Nazism  Star of David

Violence EscalatesViolence Escalates  Kristallnacht 1938  Night of Broken Glass  November 9-10, 1938  Almost 100 Jews killed  1,000-2,000 synagogues burned  7,500 businesses damaged  Jews fined 1 billion marks  First 25,000 Jews arrested

Refugees  After Kristalnacht, the Nazis did allow some Jews to leave.  Foreign nations won’t accept many refugees, including USA  Plight of the St. Louis  1939  Over 600 passengers later killed

“Life Unworthy of Life” Euthanasia Program  Killed or Sterilized Physically and Mentally Disabled, “Work shy”, Homosexuals

Eugenics Program - BreedingEugenics Program - Breeding Breeding the “ideal Aryan” S.S. matched with “Aryan” girls from Czeckoslovakia and Poland

Einsatzgruppen – Final Solution Step 1  Mobile killing squads  Reinhard Hydrich  Killed 1.4 million Jews  Some SS officers couldn’t Take it and broke down mentally.

Einsatzgruppen

Einsatzgruppen

Einsatzgruppen

Step 2 Mass deportations From home country to ghettos (holding tanks) The transferred to camps Work camps and death camps

Ghettos  Forced relocation after 1940 – Warsaw the biggest  Ghettos – Systematic Removal  Segregated Jewish communities  Sealed off  Terrible conditions

Concentration CampsConcentration Camps  Labor camps  Brutal conditions  Camps:  Dachau  Buchenwald  Sachenhausen  Ravensbruck  And many more

The “Final Solution”The “Final Solution”  Policy of genocide – determined in 1942  Deliberate and systematic killing of an entire population  The condemned:  Jews  Political Enemies  Gypsies  Freemasons  Jehovah’s Witnesses  Those “unfit to live”

The Final StageThe Final Stage  Wannasee Conference (1942)  Mass exterminations begin  Building of six death camps  Auschwitz—largest  Methods of murder  Gas chambers  Shot  Hanged  Experiments Experiments  Mass graves  Later crematoriums

The Perpetrators Hitler’s Top SS

Results  6 million total Jewish deaths  3 million Jews killed in Poland 91% of Jewish population  Over 9 million total killed. Maybe as high as 11 million  63% of the European Jewish population  Others killed: gypsies, homosexuals, some political prisoners eventually, Poles/Russians - Slavs

Survivors Over 10,000 came to Detroit