Rome

I. Early Settlers of Italy In your notes draw a boot

A. Latins BC Shepherds and Farmers who built the original settlements in Rome

B. Greeks colonies in Southern Italy 2. Prospered with trade 3. Will influence Roman Religion

Greek Colonies

C. Etruscans- Native to N. Italy Romans will adopt Etruscan alphabet, religious rituals 600BC Etruscan Kings ruled

Etruscan Land

509BC Last Etruscan King is overthrown and the Romans Declare a Republic

Etruscan Tomb

L id of a husband and wife sarcophagus in terracotta

Rome -Republic 1st 200 yrs. spent in war Rome 1 st conquered the Latins Then the Greeks Finally N. Etruscan States

II. Govt. of Rome A. Republic –No King or Queen, certain citizens have the right to vote to select a leader

Voting Rights= Only Free-born male citizens Allowed others voting rights

B. Patricians -wealthy land owners, held most power -inherited power and social status claimed by their ancestry gave them the right to make laws

C. Plebeians - common farmers, artisans, and merchants who made up the majority of the population (citizens with a vote)

D. Twelve Tables 450BC the 1 st code of Laws were written on 12 tablets or tables and posted in the forum.

Forum in Rome today

Ancient Rome

E. Law of Nations The law of all Romans and non-Romans. Considered to be natural laws. Ex. Innocent until proven guilty.

III. Government of the Republic A. 2 Consuls - commanded the army and directed the government; **Served for 1 year. Praetor – in charge of civil Law

B. Senate 300 Patricians for life advise govt. officials

C. Assemblies 1. Centuriate Assembly –Patricians (wealthy), elected Consuls, made laws 2. Council of Plebs.

Conflict between Patricians and Plebians

D. Dictator  Appointed during a time of crisis  absolute power to make laws  ruled for 6 months

IV. Punic Wars Fought with Carthage in 3 wars. 1 st two were over the island of Sicily Hannibal (Carthage) lead 2 nd war into Italy Rome wanted complete destruction of Carthage in the 3 rd Punic War

Hanabul: The Punic War

One of the great military leaders of history, the Carthagenian general Hannibal began the Punic Wars with the Roman Empire in 218 BC after conquering most of Europe en route from Spain to Italy with his elephants and army. Famously crossing the Pyrenees, the Rhone (where he possibly employed rafts to ferry his elephants) and the Alps, he was forced to return to Africa in 203 after defeating the Roman army in every engagement without reaching his goal of Rome

Antony and Cleopatra

Samnite- First gladiator type. Heavily armored, wearing a visor helmet with a high crest and feathers, metal bands around arms and left leg

Mount Vesuvius, near the Bay of Naples in Italy, erupts as the people look on. The volcano exploded and buried the cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum in AD 79. The city of Pompeii was rediscovered in the 1740s very much intact due to preservation by lava and has served as a virtual; library of information on Roman civilization.

Alaric’s Entry into Rome

Stoics during the Fall of Rome

Circus Maxamas