What is Mental Health Is the state of mental well-being in which one can cope with the demands of daily life, while using your mind to make GREAT, healthy decisions. Is the state of mental well-being in which one can cope with the demands of daily life, while using your mind to make GREAT, healthy decisions. A sense of control A sense of control Take charge of their lives Take charge of their lives Ability to endure failures and frustrations Ability to endure failures and frustrations Ability to persist through setbacks Ability to persist through setbacks Ability to see events positively Ability to see events positively These people are optimistic These people are optimistic Ability to express emotions in a healthy way Ability to express emotions in a healthy way Don’t hold things in, or deny how they feel Don’t hold things in, or deny how they feel

Expressing and Managing Emotions What is an emotion? What is an emotion? It is the feeling that is produced in response to a life experience. It is the feeling that is produced in response to a life experience. These feelings cannot be categorized as good or bad however emotions can have a positive or negative effect. These feelings cannot be categorized as good or bad however emotions can have a positive or negative effect. Expressing Emotions Expressing Emotions How you express your emotions is based in large part on how others around you express their emotions How you express your emotions is based in large part on how others around you express their emotions E.g. Family screams and yells about anger, you might do the same E.g. Family screams and yells about anger, you might do the same You can change this by simply practicing your expression in a healthy way, use friends or others to help You can change this by simply practicing your expression in a healthy way, use friends or others to help

Emotions Cont. 3 ways to help manage your emotions: 3 ways to help manage your emotions: Talk it Out Talk it Out Talk with someone you trust, this may help manage the situation a little bit better Talk with someone you trust, this may help manage the situation a little bit better Blow off Steam Blow off Steam Activities such as exercise, building something, or playing a sport are positive ways to let off steam Activities such as exercise, building something, or playing a sport are positive ways to let off steam Be Creative Be Creative Use writing or drawing techniques when you might be troubled Use writing or drawing techniques when you might be troubled Music is another great way, sing, play an instrument or paint Music is another great way, sing, play an instrument or paint

Your Reactions Towards Your Emotions How you react to your own emotions plays a huge role in how you handle the situation/emotions. How you react to your own emotions plays a huge role in how you handle the situation/emotions. Act out in rage Act out in rage Close down or shut down Close down or shut down Use the emotion constructively Use the emotion constructively Hopefully your reaction causes you to make a healthy decision to help diffuse or help out the situation. Hopefully your reaction causes you to make a healthy decision to help diffuse or help out the situation.

What do you think are the most difficult emotions to handle?

Anger Anger Results from frustration or helplessness Results from frustration or helplessness Usually brings on physical contact against someone or something Usually brings on physical contact against someone or something Learn to recognize the things that make you angry and try to manage those situations before they get to heated Learn to recognize the things that make you angry and try to manage those situations before they get to heated Once you get things under control use the “Talk it out” strategy to release your emotions Once you get things under control use the “Talk it out” strategy to release your emotions

Fear Fear May not be pleasant but could help us out (standing in front of a bus) May not be pleasant but could help us out (standing in front of a bus) Helps protect us from danger Helps protect us from danger Many fear things that are not harmful, which could get in the way of normal life functions (fear of speaking in front of people) Many fear things that are not harmful, which could get in the way of normal life functions (fear of speaking in front of people) Use self talk, tell yourself that there is nothing to be afraid of Use self talk, tell yourself that there is nothing to be afraid of Put yourself in constant exposure of the fear to help you get over it Put yourself in constant exposure of the fear to help you get over it

 Guilt This alerts you that you are doing something against your values. This alerts you that you are doing something against your values. Guilt can and will keep you true to yourself. Guilt can and will keep you true to yourself. The best way to cope with guilt is to right the wrong: if you hurt someone, apologize, if you stole something return it, lift the burden of guilt off of your shoulders The best way to cope with guilt is to right the wrong: if you hurt someone, apologize, if you stole something return it, lift the burden of guilt off of your shoulders

Jealousy Jealousy Often caused by the feeling that something you own or love will be lost Often caused by the feeling that something you own or love will be lost If jealousy isn’t controlled it may lead to bitterness and ruin the relationship even more. If jealousy isn’t controlled it may lead to bitterness and ruin the relationship even more. Jealousy is common in relationships that are no more, remember just because you are dating or did date does not mean you own the person. Jealousy is common in relationships that are no more, remember just because you are dating or did date does not mean you own the person.

Loneliness Loneliness Is the emotion that makes you feel isolated from others, maybe not physically isolated but emotionally. Is the emotion that makes you feel isolated from others, maybe not physically isolated but emotionally. You may be around a bunch of people but may not know any of them, the feeling or rejection or loneliness You may be around a bunch of people but may not know any of them, the feeling or rejection or loneliness A way to beat loneliness is to join a group, club or activity that has people with the same interests as yourself A way to beat loneliness is to join a group, club or activity that has people with the same interests as yourself

Defense Mechanisms An unconscious thought or behavior that is used to avoid experiencing unpleasant emotions - - Denial- Daydreaming - - Projection- Compensation - - Rationalization- Idealization - - Regression- Sublimation - - Repression - - Displacement

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Physical Needs…meet the needs of hunger, thirst, etc Safety Needs… to feel safe…to be out of danger B a s i c N e e d s Belongingness Needs…to be with others Esteem Needs…to achieve. to gain approval and recognition. Cognitive Needs..to know to explore G r o w t h N e e d s Aesthetic Needs…symmetry / order/ Beauty S e l f A c t u a l i z a t i o n N e e d s Find fulfillment, realize potential

The love and belonging needs. The love and belonging needs. When physiological needs and safety needs are, by and large, taken care of, a third layer starts to show up. You begin to feel the need When physiological needs and safety needs are, by and large, taken care of, a third layer starts to show up. You begin to feel the need for friends, a sweetheart, children, affectionate relationships in general, even a sense of community. for friends, a sweetheart, children, affectionate relationships in general, even a sense of community. Looked at negatively, you become increasing susceptible to loneliness and social anxieties.

The safety and security needs. The safety and security needs. When the physiological needs are largely taken care of, this second layer of needs comes into play. When the physiological needs are largely taken care of, this second layer of needs comes into play. You will become increasingly interested in finding safe circumstances, stability, protection. You might develop a need for structure, for order, some limits. You will become increasingly interested in finding safe circumstances, stability, protection. You might develop a need for structure, for order, some limits.

The esteem needs. The esteem needs.. Maslow noted two versions of esteem needs, a lower one and a higher one.. Maslow noted two versions of esteem needs, a lower one and a higher one. The lower one is the need for the respect of others, the need for status, fame, glory, recognition, attention, reputation, appreciation, dignity, even dominance. The higher form involves the need for self- respect, including such feelings as confidence, competence, achievement, mastery, independence, and freedom. The higher form involves the need for self- respect, including such feelings as confidence, competence, achievement, mastery, independence, and freedom. Note that this is the “higher” form because, unlike the respect of others, once you have self-respect, it’s a lot harder to lose! Note that this is the “higher” form because, unlike the respect of others, once you have self-respect, it’s a lot harder to lose!

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

The physiological needs. The physiological needs. These include the needs These include the needs for oxygen, water, protein, salt, sugar, calcium, and other minerals and vitamins. for oxygen, water, protein, salt, sugar, calcium, and other minerals and vitamins. and temperature (98.6 ). Also, there’s the needs to be and temperature (98.6 ). Also, there’s the needs to be active, to rest, to sleep, active, to rest, to sleep, to get rid of wastes to get rid of wastes to avoid pain, to avoid pain, and to have sex. Quite a collection! and to have sex. Quite a collection!

Sigmund Freud Psychiatrist (Psychologist) Psychiatrist (Psychologist) Unconscious…preconscious…& conscious mind Unconscious…preconscious…& conscious mind Basic Elements Basic Elements Id Id Ego Ego Super Ego Super Ego

ID EGO SUPER EGO

ID EGO SUPER EGO

ID EGO SUPER EGO

Normal: Id is controlled by Ego and Super Ego Sex Drive key to understanding human actions Oedipus Complex Elektra Complex Talking to the Id 1. Free Association 2. Hypnosis 3. Dream Interpretation

Eight Stages of Man Erik Erikson 1. Oral Stage Trust vs Distrust 2. Muscular Anal Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt 3. Locomotor Genital Initiative vs Guilt 4. Latency Industry vs inferiority 5. Puberty Identity vs Role diffusion 6. Young Adult Intimacy vs Role Diffusion 7. Adult Generatively vs Stagnation 8. Maturity Ego Integrity vs Disgust and Despair

Transactional Analysis The Study of interpersonal relationships and social defenses The Study of interpersonal relationships and social defenses Does not involve looking back into the past for reasons for behavior. Does not involve looking back into the past for reasons for behavior. It deals with observable behavior and how it can be modified to help people be more honest with themselves and each other. It deals with observable behavior and how it can be modified to help people be more honest with themselves and each other. Everyone has three behavior patterns or ego states Everyone has three behavior patterns or ego states Child: Provides intuition, creativity and joy Child: Provides intuition, creativity and joy Adult: Objectivity, reason and pleasure from more complicated tasks Adult: Objectivity, reason and pleasure from more complicated tasks Parent: Acts as affective parent makes automatic decisions that conserve time and energy Parent: Acts as affective parent makes automatic decisions that conserve time and energy

Transactional Analysis Child Adult Parent

C-C PLAY C-C PLAY C-A LEARNING C-A LEARNING C-P WHY? C-P WHY? P-C CONTROL P-C CONTROL P-A AUTOMATIC/REASON P-A AUTOMATIC/REASON P-P ARGUMENT P-P ARGUMENT A-P REASON A-P REASON A-C LEARNING A-C LEARNING A-A PROBLEM SOLVER A-A PROBLEM SOLVER Games people play: Motive other than the one expressed, based on payoff. SWYMD: See what you made me do! IWFY: If it weren’t for you...

The Art of Loving Eric Fromm Believed that love is primarily giving not receiving. Love: Care…nurturing Responsibility… Responsibility… respond to those we love. respond to those we love. Respect Respect Knowledge Knowledge