1. Human Needs
Needs are defined as a lack of something that is required or desired.
Needs motivate the individual to behave or act so that the needs will be met if at all possible

2. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Developed by a psychologist named Abraham Maslow
Certain needs have priority over other needs
Lower needs must be met before an individual can strive for the higher needs

3. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

4. Physiological Needs
These are the basic needs required by everyone to sustain life
Food, water, oxygen, elimination of waste materials, protection from extreme temperatures
Sensory needs
If not met, a person may die

5. Safety
Includes the need to be free from anxiety and fear and the need to feel secure in the environment
The need for order and routine and stablility

6. New environment, divorce, job loss, disease, illness or injury can threaten an individual’s sense safety

7. Love and Affection Social acceptance, friendship, and love
The need to belong, to relate to others and win approval of others
Must be able to give and receive affection and love

8. Sexuality
Sexuality is both a part of the need for love and affection as well as a physiological need
Sexuality is…
People’s feelings concerning their masculine or feminine natures
Their ability to give and receive love and affection
Their roles in reproduction of the species

9. Sexuality
Sexuality involves a person’s feelings and attitudes, not just the person’s sexual relationships
Sexuality extends throughout the life cycle

10. Esteem
Feeling important and worthwhile – includes respect, approval, appreciation
We engage in activities that bring achievement, success, and recognition
We gain self-confidence and begin to direct our actions toward becoming what we WANT to be

11. Self-Actualization
Self-realization; obtaining our full potential; becoming confident, eager to express our beliefs, and willing to reach out to others to help them

12. When needs are felt – we are motivated to act.
If we are successful, we feel satisfaction, pleasure, fulfillment.
If the needs are not met, we feel tension, and frustration,

13. Needs
If several needs are felt at one time and individual must decide which is the strongest
People feel needs at different levels of intensity
As we grow older we learn more effective ways to meet our needs

14. To Meet Our Human Needs We usually learn what works by trial-and-error
Direct methods v. Indirect methods

15. To Meet Our Human Needs
Direct – work at meeting the need and obtaining satisfaction
Hard work
Realistic goals
Evaluate the situation
Cooperate with others
Indirect Methods – work at reducing the need or relieving the tension and frustration created by the unmet needs. Need is still present, but its intensity decreases

16. Defense Mechanisms
Provides a method for maintaining self-esteem and relieving discomfort
Some use is helpful to cope with certain situations
Some is harmful(unhealthy) if substituted for more effective ways of dealing with situations

17. Defense Mechanisms
Rationalization – using reasonable excuse or acceptable explanation for behavior in order to avoid the real reason or true motivation
Projection – placing the blame for one’s own actions or inadequacies on someone else or on circumstances rather than accepting the the responsibility for actions

18. Defense Mechanisms
Displacement – transferring the feelings about one person to someone else – usually occurs because cannot direct the feelings towards the person who is responsible
Compensation – substitution of one goal for another goal in order to achieve success

19. Defense Mechanisms
Daydreaming – dreamlike thought process that occurs when a person is awake. Provides means of escape when a person is not satisfied with reality
Repression – The transfer of unacceptable or painful ideas, feelings, and thoughts into the unconscious mind

20. Defense Mechanisms
Denial – involves disbelief of an event or idea that is too frightening or shocking for a person to cope with
Withdrawal –
Cease to communicate
Remove themselves physically from a situation

21. Defense Mechanisms
Minimization – trivializing significance on one’s behavior
Regression – resorting to earlier stage of life

22. Defense Mechanisms Reaction-formation – Act opposite to how you feel
Intellectualization – use of academic-type explanation to separate personal feelings from painful event

23. Stress Reactions
Stress reactions develop when defense mechanisms are inadequate
Chronic complaining and demanding behavior
Agitation with manipulative behavior
Restlessness
Sleeplessness
Depression-be alert for potential suicide
Withdrawal

24. To Meet the Needs of Others
Personalized healthcare focuses on the patient and meeting their needs and expectations

25. Challenges Meet the patient’s needs to the best of your ability
Set standards of excellence for yourself