Intro to Classification 6th Science
Definitions… Classification: putting organisms into groups based on similar characteristics Bacteria: Organisms in the kingdom Eubacteria; the smallest living things known Colony: a group of the same kind of organisms living together Protozoans: The more animal-like organisms in the kingdom Protista; able to move around and often live in water Algae: Plantlike organisms in Kingdom Protista; usually can perform photosynthesis and are not mobile Photosynthesis: A process that forms sugars from carbon dioxide and water using sunlight Common name: A widely recognized name
Terms and Definitions Classification: putting organisms with similar characteristics into groups The Six Kingdoms (Groups) of Organisms: 1) Eubacteria 2) Archaebacteria 3) Protista 4) Fungi 5) Plantae 6) Animalia
1) Kingdom Eubacteria Bacteria – organisms in kingdom Eubacteria; the smallest living things known Colonies – bacteria tend to live in groups called colonies
2) Kingdom Archaebacteria Archaebacteria: Unicellular organisms similar to “normal” bacteria Have cell walls that help them survive in extreme environments Live in conditions that are poisonous to other living thing like… Sulfur springs near volcanoes Salty places like the Dead Sea
3) Kingdom Protista All of the unicellular organisms that do not fit into any other category Two kinds of organisms: 1) Protozoans – the more animal-like organisms in the kingdom Protista; able to move around and often live in water 2) Algae – the more plantlike organisms in kingdom Protista; usually can perform photosynthesis and are not mobile
4) Kingdom Fungi Most organisms in this kingdom do not have cell walls Most common examples are a mushrooms and fungi
Kingdom Plantae Have chloroplasts as a part of the cell structure The chlorophyll inside the chloroplasts helps a plant make its own food Plants use photosynthesis to convert the energy in sunlight into sugar Plants also release oxygen through photosynthesis Cell walls give plants the support that their structures need
Kingdom Animalia Multicellular Cells do not have cell walls but skeletons support animals’ tissues and organs Cannot make their own food Vary in structure, size, and overall characteristics (ex. – flatworm compared to a gorilla) Man is a special species of animal (homo sapiens)
Naming Organisms and Classification Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Example: Classification of a Polar Bear
Scientific Names Carolus Linnaeus came up with scientific names for each organism. Common name: a widely used name A scientific name is made up of two names. First name: genus name Second name: species name Example: Dogs Scientific name: Canis familiaris Canis: genus name familiaris: species name
Scientific Names Continued… Scientific name must be… written in Latin Italicized or underlined Genus name is capitalized