Metals Non-metals Metalloids (semi-conductors)

What are metals? hoto/ /Metal_Sc rap.jpg

 Most are shiny grey solids  Luster – reflect light when polished (a.k.a. shiny)  These are good conductors of heat & electricity  Usually have high melting points  Malleable – can be flattened, bent & shaped without breaking (e.g. aluminum foil)  Ductile – can be pulled into thin wire (e.g. copper)  Tend to lose electrons to form ions

***Remember, properties come from the electrons in the outermost shell of the atoms*** Most metals have 1 to 3 outer electrons They can lose these electrons easily They also hold their electrons loosely and can share them with other metal atoms to form a metallic bond Loose sharing of electrons gives rise to the properties of metals such as being malleable, conductive & ductile

Alloys – homogeneous mixtures of a melted metal with another melted metal or other nonmetal substance that is then allowed to solidify. Most gold or silver coins are alloys. http ://winnerantiques.com/picturegallerys/Brass_and_Copper/Copper_and_Brass_19th_Century_Kettle.jpg k_640.jpg Copper (metal) = + Zinc (metal) Brass (alloy)

= + Carbon (nonmetal) Steel (alloy) Iron (metal)

 Right side of periodic table  Dull, brittle  Poor conductors of heat and electricity (insulators)  Not ductile or malleable  Many are gases.  Tend to gain electrons to form ions  Or, form covalent bonds with other non-metals. Sulfur Graphite

 Conduct electricity under certain conditions  Share properties with metals and nonmetals  Ductile and malleable  Solids that can be shiny or dull

Metals are located to the left of the zig-zag line Non-metals are on the right of zig-zag line Metalloids touch the zig-zag line

Group 1 Alkali Metals Very reactive, combine easily; low density and low melting points; soft – can be easily cut; very reactive 1 valence electron (easily lost); form +1 cations by losing one electron; s-block elements  Exists in nature only as positive ions that will form ionic bonds with negative ions (e.g. NaCl)

Group 2 Alkaline Earth Metals Reactive, but not as reactive as alkali metals, these tend to “tarnish” 2 valence electrons; form +2 cations by losing two electrons; s-block elements Occurs as ions, or combined with other elements

 This group is comprised of metals and non- metals  These elements are all solids, and are good conductors of electricity  Boron is a non-metal, while Al  Tl are metals  These have 3 valence electrons; they can lose three electrons to form +3 ions; p-block

 This group is comprised of metals, non- metals and metalloids.  Solids; generally good conductors.  These elements have 4 valence electrons; tend not to form ions; p-block

 This group has a range of properties. Nitrogen exists as a gas naturally, while phosphorus is a solid.  These elements are important to living things  These elements have 5 valence electrons; they gain three electrons to form -3 anions; p-block

 Oxygen gas (O 2 ) is important to life. This elements allows the body to perform the final step in respiration, to provide energy for the body  These elements all have 6 valence electrons; gain two electrons to form -2 anions; p-block

 These are all non-metals  They never are found uncombined in nature, and are very abundant  These are also important to good health  These have 7 valence electrons; they gain one electron to form -1 anions, p-block

 These are gases at room temperature.  These are all very non-reactive  They all have 8 valence electrons; they do not form ions, and belong to the p-block

Transition Metals Shiny solids with high melting points Good conductors Less reactive, but will combine with other elements Some magnetic (Iron, Cobalt, Nickel) These lose electrons to form + ions, but not a set amount they are the d-block elements

Inner Transition, or Rare Earth Metals 2 separate rows at the bottom of the periodic table These also lose electrons to form ions, but do not lose a set amount of electrons These are the f-block

Lanthanide Series (follows Lanthanum in period 6) *Except for # 61, all occur in nature in small amounts in the earth’s crust Actinide Series (follows Actinium in period 7) *Most are synthetic Inner Transition, or Rare Earth Metals

We will organize this information to discover what patterns we see in it!