1. Chapter 5 Metals Vs. Nonmetals

2. Metals Metals are elements found to the left of the stair step line.
Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity.
Metals are solid at room temperature except Mercury (Hg)
Metals reflect light which is a property called luster.
Metals are malleable, which means they can be hammered or rolled into thin sheets.
Metals are ductile, which means they can be drawn into wires.

3. Properties of Metals Metals-Physical Metals- Chemical
Good conductors of heat and electricity
Easily lose electrons (form cations (+) ions)
Luster (shininess)
Corrodes easily
High density
Reactive
High melting point
Examples of Cations
Ductile and Malleable
Na+ , Mg2+, Al3+
Solid at STP (except Hg)

4. Alkali Metals Group 1 on the periodic table.
Good conductors, shiny, malleable, and ductile
Softer than most metals.
Most reactive of all metals- Reacts violently with water (H2O) and oxygen (O)
Readily combine with other elements and don’t occur in nature by themselves.
Each atom has 1 ve- in its outer energy level.
This e- is given up when it combines with a nonmetal, thus making it a 1+ cation charge.
Electron configuration ends in Xs1

5. Alkaline Earth Metals Make up group 2 of the periodic table
Shiny, malleable, and ductile
Not found as free elements in nature, because they combine so readily with other elements.
Each atom has 2 e- in its outer energy level.
These 2ve- are given up when they combine with a nonmetal, thus making it a cation with a 2+ charge.
Electron configuration ends in Xs2

6. All blocks contain at least one element from each period.
Why are both hydrogen and cesium s-block elements, when hydrogen has one electron and cesium has 55?
All blocks contain at least one element from each period.
Blocks of elements on the periodic table are based only on an element's valence electrons.
The s-block includes only the most reactive elements.
They have identical electron configurations.

7. Atoms of elements in group 2 have ____________.
one electron in their outermost energy level
two electrons in their outermost energy level
seven electrons in their outermost energy level
eight electrons in their outermost energy level

8. Physical Properties of Nonmetals
Elements that usually are gases or brittle solids at room temperature
Solids- Brittle, powdery, are not malleable or ductile
Do not conduct heat or electricity well
No luster- Dull
Found to the right side of the stair step line

9. Chemical Properties in Nonmetals
The e- in most nonmetals are strongly attracted to the nucleus of atoms.
Form ionic and covalent compounds
When Nonmetals Gain e- from metals. They form ionic compounds.
When 2 nonmetals share electrons with other nonmetals and they combine they form covalent bonds or molecular compounds.

10. Properties of Non Metals
Non Metals-Physical
Non Metals- Chemical
No luster (dull) often colored
Tends to gain electrons from metals to form ionic bonds
Poor conductors of heat and electricity
Share electrons with other nonmetals to form
Low Density
Low Boiling Point
molecules or covalent compounds
Non Ductile and Malleable
Reactivity increases upward
Brittle
F is the most active

11. Halogens Group 17- Form Halide compounds
Very reactive in their elemental form, but their compounds have many uses
Gains 1e- from metals to form ionic compound
F is the most chemically active of all the elements
Exist as diatomic molecules
Electron configuration ends in Xs2Xp5

12. Noble Gases ALWAYS exist as ISOLATED ATOMS
They are stable because their most outer energy levels is full with 8e-
Helium has 2ve-, but its 1st energy level is still full
They are colorless, odorless, and tasteless.
They are sometimes called inert gases because they rarely take part in a chemical reaction.
Electron configuration ends in Xs2Xp6

13. Atoms of elements in group 17 have ____________.
one electron in their outermost energy level
two electrons in their outermost energy level
seven electrons in their outermost energy level
eight electrons in their outermost energy level

14. Which of the following is incorrect in regards to group 18 Noble Gases?
Has 8 valence electrons and has a full outer energy level.
Does not bond with other elements on the periodic table.
Likes to gain and receive electrons.
Has an outer electron configuration of Xs2Xp6

15. Properties of Metalloids
Have properties of both metals and nonmetals.
Solids
Shiny or dull
Ductile
Malleable
Conduct better than nonmetals but not as well as metals.

16. Which of the following are poor conductors of heat and electricity?
Metals
Metalloids
Nonmetals
alkaline earth elements