2. METALS= LEFT SIDE OF PT
NONMETALS= RIGHT SIDE OF PT (except Hydrogen)
METALLOIDS= ALONG THE STAIRCASE (except Aluminum)

3. METALS & NONMETALS Where are the metals and nonmetals on the PT?
What are the properties of metals and nonmetals?
What are metalloids?

4. Coloring in the Periodic Table

5. Notice the difference between the appearance of the metals and nonmetals. Click here for a better view of each of the elements.

6. Examples of Metal

7. PROPERTIES OF METALS Physical Properties:
Solid at room temperature - exception: Hg
High density
Silvery-gray - exception: Au and Cu
Good Conductors
Metallic luster (shine)
Malleable
Ductile
Fe, Au, Cu, and Al all solid at room temp- who can think of one metal not solid at room temp?- Mercury!

8. Physical Properties of Metals
High Density – Heavy for their size
Have Luster -shiny
Are Conductors -heat and electricity move through them easily
Malleable – Can be hammered into a different shape
Ductile – Can be drawn into a wire
Metals are solid, except for mercury

9. Physical Properties of METALS
LUSTER – the way an object’s surface reflects light
Metals have shiny luster. (or metallic luster)

10. Best conductors: silver and copper
When you leave a spoon in a cup of hot drink, the bit poking out of the drink gets hot. Why? Conduction!
METALS are the best conductors of heat.
This is because the electrons in metals move more freely than in non-metals, allowing the heat energy to travel across the metal.
For example, when the spoon touches the hot drink, the heat from the drink excites the electrons in the metal, and the electrons transfer the energy from one electron to another, carrying the heat all the way up the spoon quickly.
Best conductors: silver and copper

11. Physical Properties of METALS
Metals are good conductors of electricity.
Copper, silver, and gold are good electrical conductors. In a conductor, electric current can flow freely. Since metals have free electrons, they can carry a charge easily.
Copper Wiring

12. Physical Properties of METALS
Metals are ductile.
Ductility or ductile – can be drawn into a wire

13. Chemical Properties of Metals
Reactivity – the ease and speed with which an element combines, or reacts, with other substances.
Metals usually react by losing electrons to other atoms (makes positive ion).
Metals corrode easily
Some metals are very reactive. Ex: Sodium (Na) reacts very strongly with water.

14. Chemical Properties of Metals
Metals corrode easily.
Corrosion – the deterioration of a metal due to a chemical reaction in the environment.
Oxidation – reaction with oxygen molecules by losing at least one electron.
Iron reacts slowly with oxygen in the air (oxidation), forming iron oxide, or rust.
Reaction (Explosion) of Alkali Metals with Water
Periodic Trends in Reactivity: the Alkali Metals -

15. Element Families
Just as human family members often have similar looks and traits, members of element families have similar chemical properties because they have the same number of electrons in their outer energy levels.
The electrons in the outer-most energy level are called valance electrons.
Cinda, this was supposed to be on the previous slide, but it didn’t fit.

17. Element Families

18. Alkali Metals The metals in Group 1 are called alkili metals.
These metals are the most reactive metals in the periodic table.
They are so reactive that they are never found as uncombined elements in nature. They have to be isolated in the lab.
The alkali metals form compounds that are similar to each other.
Alkali metals each have one outer energy level electron.
It is this electron that is removed when alkali metals react.
The easier it is to remove an electron, the more reactive the atom is.
The reactivity of alkali metals increase down the group.

19. Alkali Metals
Periodic Trends in Reactivity: the Alkali Metals -
Reaction (Explosion) of Alkali Metals with Water

20. Why do atoms combine?
Alkali Metals
Valance electron

21. Alkali Earth Metals
The elements of Group 2 are called the alkaline earth metals.
These metals are harder and denser, and melt at higher temperatures than alkali metals.
They are very reactive, though not as reactive as the alkali metals.
These metals are also never found uncombined in natures.

22. Element Families

23. Transition Metals The elements in Groups 3 through 12.
The transition metals include iron, copper, nickel, gold, and silver.
Most of these metals are hard and shiny solids. Ex. mercury.
With the exception of mercury, the transition metals often have high melting points and high densities.
They are also good conductors of heat and electric current, and are very malleable.
The transition metals are less reactive than the metals in Groups 1 and 2.

24. Lanthanides and Actinides
There are two rows of elements placed below the main part of the periodic table.
The top row are the lanthanides.
Compounds containing lanthanide neodymium (Nd) are used to make laser light, used for surgery, cutting metals.

25. Lanthanides and Actinides
The elements below the lanthanides are called actinides.
Many of these elements are not found in nature but are made artificially in laboratories.

26. Transuranium Elements
Elements that follow uranium (U, 92) in the periodic table are transuranium elements.
These elements are made, or synthesized, when nuclear particles are forced to crash into another.
They are called synthetic elements.
To make elements with atomic numbers above 95, scientists use devices called particles accelerator.

27. Element Families

28. Where do we find METALS?
Some metals like gold, silver, and platinum are found as pure substances in the earth’s crust because they are least reactive.
Most metals are reactive and are found as oxides (react with oxygen), carbonates (react with carbon), sulfides (react with sulfur).
Minerals : are elements or compounds which occur naturally inside the earth’s crust.
Ore : is a mineral from which metals can be extracted profitably.

29. THE NONMETALS
Chlorine is a greenish-yellow gas with a poisonous odor

30. PROPERTIES OF NONMETALS
Physical Properties:
Can be gas, solid, or liquid at room temperature
Come in all colors
No metallic luster (dull)
Poor conductors
Brittle
Odors or pungent
Chemical Properties:
Tend to gain electrons (makes negative ion)
Chlorine is a greenish-yellow gas with a poisonous odor

31. The Periodic Table

32. Non metals may be solids, liquids or gases.
Examples of NONMETALS
Non metals may be solids, liquids or gases.
Examples:
Solids – Carbon, Sulfur, Phosphorus
Liquid – Bromine
Gases – Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen

34. Examples of NonMetals

35. Physical Properties of NonMetals
Dull – not shiny
Poor conductors – means that heat and electricity do not move through easily
Brittle – break easily
Most nonmetals are gases at room temperature

36. Physical Properties of NONMETALS
Nonmetals have a dull luster.
(They are not shiny!)
Example: Phosphorus

37. Physical Properties of NONMETALS
Nonmetals are insulators.
They do not conduct electricity or heat well.

38. Physical Properties of NONMETALS
Nonmetals are insulators.
They do not conduct electricity or heat well.
The atoms in nonmetals do not have loose electrons. Therefore, when electricity, or something hot touches a non-metal, the energy does not move quickly through the material.
What would you rather stir a hot pot with—a wooden spoon or a metal spoon?

40. An interesting element: Carbon
Ever break the point of your pencil? That’s because it’s made of graphite, a substance made up completely of Carbon—a brittle nonmetal.
Carbon atoms in graphite
However diamonds, the hardest material of all, are made of the same element: Carbon.
Look at how the carbon atoms are arranged in diamonds—why do you think diamonds are harder than graphite?
You may also want to discuss how we are using carbon to create new materials such as nanotubes, or discuss buckeyballs.

46. METALLOIDS

47. METALLOIDS Properties and characteristics of both metals and nonmetals
Along the staircase/steps of the periodic table
EXCEPT: Al, At

48. METALLOIDS
Metalloids are the elements found along the stair-step line that distinguishes metals from non-metals. This line is drawn from between Boron and Aluminum to the border between Polonium and Astatine. The only exception to this is Aluminum, which is classified under "Other Metals".
Metalloids have properties of both metals and non-metals. Some of the metalloids, such as silicon and germanium, are semi-conductors. This means that they can carry an electrical charge under special conditions. This property makes metalloids useful in computers and calculators
The Metalloids are:
Boron Silicon Germanium Arsenic
Antimony Tellurium Polonium

49. The elements contained in the classification of Metalloids:

50. METALLOIDS
Elements classified as Metalloids have physical properties of both metals and non-metals.
All metalloids are solids at room temperature.
Some are shiny, some are dull, they are somewhat malleable and ductile, and can conduct heat and electricity at a lesser level than metals.
SILICON
ARSENIC
BORON

51. METALLOIDS
Some of the metalloids, such as silicon and germanium, are semi-conductors.
Semiconductors are substances that can conduct electric current under special conditions.
This property makes metalloids useful electronics (in calculators, radio, computers, telephones, etc.)
They are useful because they conduct just the right amount of electricity or heat.

52. PRACTICE! METAL, NONMETAL, METALLOID
Hydrogen
Magnesium
Calcium
Arsenic
Carbon
Helium
Lead
Aluminum
NONMETAL
METAL
METALLOID

53. Lets Classify! ________ Silver ______ Iron
________ Oxygen ______ Calcium
_________ Carbon ______ Sulfur
_________ Aluminum _______ Sodium