Chapter 18 Sec. 2 The Spanish-American War

Americans in favor of expansion looked to these 3 areas of the world? 1. Latin America 2. Islands of the Pacific 3. China

Interventions into Latin America – the United States government forced Chile to pay $75,000 to families of the U.S. sailors killed or injured by an angry mob 2. President Cleveland order naval units to Rio de Janeiro to protect U.S. shipping. This show of force broke the Brazilian rebellion 3. U.S. reminded Britain that the U.S. would enforce the Monroe Doctrine. British government said the document had no international standing, but later backed down Arbitration – settlement of a dispute by a person chosen to listen to both sides and come to a decision

Cuba Who was controlling Cuba in the late 1800’s? -Spain controlled Cuba Why did the Cubans rebel against them? -Cubans believed Spanish rule was oppressive and incompetent How did the ruling country respond? -Spain sent 150,000 troops and General Valeriano Weyler to put down the rebellion

America’s response in Cuba How did American Presidents respond initially to the problems in Cuba? -Presidents Cleveland and McKinley originally refused to help because they were unwilling to spend the money that intervention would require How did the Cuban rebels get the attention of the American government? -Cuban rebels destroyed American sugar plantations and mills in Cuba

William Randolph Hearst – Newspaper publisher from 1887 until his death in 1951; used “yellow journalism” in the 1890’s to stir up sentiment in favor of the Spanish-American War Joseph Pulitzer – Early 1900’s newspaper publisher; used “yellow journalism” to stir up public sentiment in favor of the Spanish-American War

Yellow Journalism – newspaper coverage that sensationalizes stories to increase circulation; inflamed anti-Spanish sentiment in the U.S. before and during the Spanish-American War Jingoism – the swelling of national pride and desire for an aggressive foreign policy in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s; resulted in the Spanish-American War and other expansionist activity

Events that took place before President McKinley declared war on Spain 1898 – Riots erupted in Havana Pres. McKinley moved the U.S.S. Maine into the city’s harbor to protect American citizens and property Explosion on “Maine” kills more than 250 American sailors T. Roosevelt orders military action against Spain Pres. McKinley disagrees and pulled navy out of Philippines -although Spain agree to meet demands and negotiate, McKinley can’t resist cries for war

Spanish-American War Where were the first shots fired? -Philippines Who was responsible? -Admiral Dewey: Manila Bay What naval action was taken? -Wipes out Pacific and Atlantic fleet

What role did Teddy Roosevelt play? -led “Rough Riders” up Santiago River -won at San Juan Hill: most famous battle Describe the cost (in casualties) of the war -4,200 American killed -2,800 Americans wounded -16,000 Filipino civilians

Problems that followed the War in the Philippines? -Spain gave Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam to U.S. for $20 Million in the treaty after the war How long did the fighting last in the Philippines? -3 years but occasional fighting continued for years

Describe changes that took place in Cuba after the war -McKinley installed a military government in Cuba – 3 years – protecting U.S. business interests: made Cuba more civilized What was the impact of the Platt Amendment? -Cuba could not enter foreign agreements without the U.S. permission; 2 naval bases on Cuba

Describe the major events that led to the annexation of Hawaii -Hawaiian King died; sister took over: Queen Liliuokalani; Hawaii declared independent What deal was worked out with relation to the island of Samoa? -U.S. had negotiated a treaty to use Pago Pago Harbor for the protection of Samoa -At one point shared Samoa with Great Britain and Germany

Spheres of Influence – area of economic control exerted by a foreign power, especially in China during the late 1800’s Open Door Policy – U.S. efforts to develop a trade relationship with China in the late 1800’s to early 1900’s; urged European nations with spheres of influence in China to not restrict trade in those areas