1. Spanish-American War
Mr. Dodson

2. Main Idea
A quick victory in the Spanish-American War confirms the status of the United States as a world Power, but it left some people arguing over how to govern newly acquired territory

3. Objectives
What were the events leading up to and following the Spanish-American War?
What did the U.S. gain from the war?
What challenges did the U.S. face?

4. Setting the Stage
By listening to U.S. demands that a dispute between Venezuela and Great Britain be sent to arbitration, the United States defended the validity (truth) of the Monroe Doctrine.
The United States became involved in the Cuban rebellion against Spain, to protect American business interests.

5. Yellow Journalism
In competition for readers, two New York newspapers wrote exaggerated stories about the Cuban rebellion. This yellow journalism – sensational writing, which exaggerates news to attract and enrage readers - sold a lot of papers but had other effects as well:
It whipped up American public opinion in favor of the Cuban rebels.
It led to a burst of national pride and the desire for an aggressive foreign policy, which became known as jingoism.

6. Steps to War
The USS Maine was stationed in Havana harbor to protect U.S. biz.
Spanish Ambassador de Lôme insulted President McKinley.
The USS Maine exploded, and the American public blamed Spain.
Congress recognized Cuban independence and authorized force against Spain.

7. Cuba – Remember the Maine
February 15, 1898

8. The US also fought Spain in Cuba
Huh?
The first battle of the War occurred in May 1898 when the US attacked the Spanish Navy in the Philippines
This is the USA
This is Spain
The USS Maine Exploded in Havana Harbor, Cuba
The US also fought Spain in Cuba

9. The War
May 1, 1898: The United States launched a surprise attack in Manila Bay
In the Philippines and destroyed Spain’s entire Pacific fleet in seven hours.

10. The Rough Riders
The military unit that received the most publicity was the First Volunteer Cavalry, known as the Rough Riders.
Its leader was Theodore Roosevelt (he had just resigned as Assistant secretary of the Navy)
The Rough Riders were a diverse group of volunteers that included cowboys, miners, policeman, and rich business men.
Roosevelt would lead the Rough Riders in a charge against the Spanish forces.

11. The War July 1: Roosevelt led the Rough Riders up Kettle Hill.
The Charge of San Juan Hill is regarded as the most famous battles of the Spanish-American War.

12. The War
July 3: The United States Navy sank the remaining Spanish ships

13. “A Splendid Little War”
3,300 Americans Died (only 400 died in battle – disease and ‘embalmed beef’ did the rest in)
55,000 Spanish soldiers died – about 5,000 in battle, the rest died from disease.
Spain recognized Cuba’s independence, and the US got Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam for $20 million

14. Treaty of Paris The Spanish government recognized Cuba’s independence.
Spain gave up the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico in return for $20 million. The island nations then became unincorporated territories of the United States.

15. New Challenges After War
Dilemma in The Philippines
President McKinley’s arguments for annexation:
Filipinos were unfit for self-government.
Independence would bring anarchy.
European powers would try to seize the islands.
The Filipinos fought a three-year war for independence.
The Philippines did not gain complete independence until 1946.

16. New Challenges After War
The Fate of Cuba
President McKinley installed a military government to protect American business interests.
Cuba drafted a constitution in 1900 that did not allow for U.S. involvement.
The U.S. government only agreed to remove its troops if Cuba included the Platt Amendment.
The Platt Amendment remained in place until It allowed for U.S. naval bases on the island and intervention whenever necessary.

17. Other Gains in the Pacific
Annexation of Hawaii
Pineapple planter, Sanford B. Dole, with the help of the U.S. Marines overthrew Queen Liliuokalani of Hawaii and claimed it a republic
The United States annexed Hawaii in 1898 under President William McKinley
Hawaii was key for a naval station in the Pacific and the U.S. market

18. An Open-Door to China
John Hay (President McKinley’s Secretary of State) persuaded major European powers to keep an “open door” regarding trading with China
Hay wanted to ensure through his Open Door Policy, the U.S. would have equal access to the millions of Chinese consumers

19. Discussion Question:
What was (and is) the major reason behind U.S. foreign intervention?