1. War with Spain
Chapter 20: Section 2

2. Conflict with Cuba In the late 1800’s Cuba was in conflict
Cuba was still being controlled by Spain
Cubans wanted independence from Spain and launched several unsuccessful revolts

3. Conflict with Cuba Cuba’s citizens are willing to fight Jose Marti
Poet and Revolutionary
Participated in a revolt against Spain when he was only 15
Was exiled to Spain, and later to New York City
Wrote to encourage revolt in Cuba and for exiles to invade
Became a MARTYR for Cuban independence when he was killed in a battle in 1895

4. Conflict with Cuba How does Spain react?
Spain refuses to let Cuba become independent
1896- Gen. Valeriano Weyler put down the revolt
Weyler forced farmers into concentration camps
Weyler’s acts led to 200,000 Cubans dying from starvation

5. The United States Reacts
How did the Americans view the Struggle of the Cubans?
Many compared it to the United States’ struggle with Great Brittain
Called Gen. Weyler “The Butcher”

6. The United States Reacts
The Influence of the Media
William Randolph Hearst
American journalist interested in the struggle of the Cubans
Took over the San Francisco Examiner in 1887

7. The United States Reacts
“The newspaper is the greatest force in civilization…Newspapers form and express public opinion. They suggest and control legislation. They declare wars. They punish criminals, especially the powerful. They reward with approving publicity the good deeds of citizens everywhere. The newspapers control the nation because they REPRESENT THE PEOPLE!” -William Randolph Hearst

8. The United States Reacts
The Maine Incident
Did President McKinley want to enter the conflict between Spain and Cuba?
McKinley was weary of war because of his involvement in the Civil War.
Spain’s Minister to the US called McKinley “weak, and a bidder for the admiration of a crowd”
How did Americans react?

9. The United States Reacts
The Maine Incident (cntd.)
The USS Maine, a US naval ship was sent to Havana to protect US lives and property
February 15, the USS Maine blows up
260 sailors are killed
The New York Journal’s headline read: “DESTRUCTION OF THE WAR SHIP MAINE WAS THE WORK OF AN ENEMY”
April 25, Congress declared war on Spain

10. War with Spain Congress adopts the Teller Amendment
April 20, 1898
Congress adopts the Teller Amendment
The US recognized Cuba’s independence from Spain
Stated once Cuba won its independence, the US would “leave the government and control of the Island to its people”

11. War with Spain Fighting in the Philippines May 1, 1898
Commodore George Dewey sent a fleet across Manilla Bay
Spanish fired shots at the American fleet but were out of range to hit
The US Navy’s ships returned fire and easily defeat the Spaniards.

12. War with Spain Fighting in the Philippines (contd.) Emilio Aguinaldo
Leader of a rebel army of Philipino Patriots
Helped Dewey force Spanish forces to surrender in the Philippines on August 14, 1898

13. War with Spain Fighting in Cuba
Why was the battle in Cuba more difficult to fight than the battles in the Philippines?
Weather
Uniforms
Troops (28,000)

14. War with Spain Fighting in Cuba (contd.) Teddy Roosevelt July 3, 1898
Resigned his post of Secretary of the Navy
Led the “Rough Riders”
Fought without horses
Charged San Juan Hill on foot
July 3, 1898
US Navy sank the Spanish fleet off the coast of Cuba
Led to more than 400 Spanish Casualties
2 weeks later, Spanish troops in Cuba surrendered

15. War with Spain Fighting in Cuba (contd.)
A costly war for Spain, while the US gains
Spain forfeited all claim to Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Guam to the United States
Gave up control of the Philippines to the US in exchange for $20 Million.
America proves itself as an imperial power
However, 5,400 American lives are lost

16. Uproar over the Philippines
The debate over annexation
Some Americans questioned if annexation was the right thing to do.
Why?
What was the Anti-Imperialist League?
Expansionists strongly supported Annexation.
What was Charles Denby’s argument?
Who wins?

17. Uproar over the Philippines
Conquest and early rule
The US approved a treaty annexing the Philippines on February 6, 1899.
Emilio Aguinaldo led the Philippine people in a revolt against US rule for 3 years.
Hundreds of thousands of Philipinos and 4,000 US soldiers were killed.
What was the Phillipine Government Act?
What was the Jones Act of 1916?
What happened on July 4, 1946