2.  US wants control over Cuba  Close to home  Business interests ▪ US businesses invested billions in sugar cane plantations  Cubans rebel against Spain (1868-1878)  Americans were sympathetic to the Cuban people

3.  Second War for Independence  José Martí (1895)  Guerilla campaign—destroyed property ▪ Provokes US intervention by attacking sugar mills and plantations owned by Americans  American opinion split:  Free Cuba!  Protect our business!

4.  Sensational style of writing that exaggerates the news to lure and enrage readers  William Randolph Hearst & Joseph Pulitzer  “You furnish the pictures, I’ll furnish the war”  Valeriano Weyler  Spanish General  Concentration camps in Cuba  300,000 in camps

6.  NY Journal published a leaked letter  From Enrique Dupuy de Lôme—Spanish minister to US  Calls McKinley weak  American hostility toward Spain grows

7.  US ship sent to Cuba  Bring home Americans  Protect US property  Blows up in Havana harbor  260 killed  Reason unclear ▪ Newspapers claim Spain guilty  War erupts between US and Spain  “Remember the Maine!”

8.  US declares war on April 20, 1898  First battle: Manila, Philippine Islands  Commodore George Dewey’s troops destroy the Spanish fleet and take Manila  Filipinos supported the US  Filipino rebels led by Emilio Aguinaldo help fight

9.  War in the Caribbean  See map p. 349  US naval blockade in Cuba  The US navy was superior to Spain’s  The US army, however, mainly consisted of inexperience and ill-prepared volunteers

10.  Volunteer cavalry under Leonard Wood and Theodore Roosevelt  Roosevelt gave up job as Assistant Secretary of the Navy to lead the Rough Riders  San Juan Hill (near Santiago)  Rough Riders’ earlier victory at Kettle Hill cleared the way  Minor role in second victory ▪ Roosevelt = hero of San Juan Hill!

12.  The Spanish fleet tried to escape the US naval blockade  Destroyed  “Splendid little war”  16 weeks long  Ends with Treaty of Paris

13.  Ended the Spanish-American War  Results:  Spain frees Cuba  US gets Puerto Rico & Guam  Spain sells the Philippines to the US for $20 million

14.  Some questioned the US’s right to annex the Philippines  McKinley claimed God wanted the US to take the islands ▪ BUT most Filipinos were Christians  Other issues: ▪ Violates Declaration of Independence ▪ We need to focus on race issues at home (Booker T. Washington) ▪ Filipino immigrants might come take American jobs (Samuel Gompers)  February 6, 1899 the Senate approved the treaty and the US annexed the Philippines