Biomes & Aquatic Communities

Biome A major biological community that occurs over a large area of land

Aquatic Biomes

Terrestrial Biomes

Biological Communities The climate dictates which species of plants, animals, fungus, bacteria, etc. can survive in a given location Climate- the prevailing weather conditions in a given location

Climate 2 most important factors of climate: 1.Temperature 2.Moisture

Biome General rule: Temperature & moisture decrease ↓ as latitude increases ↑ 0°0° 30°N 30°S

Biome A major biological community that occurs over a large area of land 7 Terrestrial biomes: 1.Tundra 2.Desert 3.Forests 4.Taiga 5.Tropical Rain Forest 6.Savannah 7.Temperate grassland

Tundra- It’s REALLY cold here!

Tundra Located between taiga and permanent ice Covers 1/5 of Earth’s land Low precipitation (less than 25cm p/year) Most of the year it is frozen Permanent ice is only 1 meter below the surface

Tundra

What lives in the tundra? NOT ME!!!!

Tundra

Desert

Desert

Desert Most extensive in the interior of a continent Less than 25cm of water p/yr DRY!!!! Little vegetation

Hot Dry Desert

Costal Desert

Cold Desert

What lives in the desert?

Forests

Forests

Forests Three types of Forest Biomes Deciduous Forests Taiga (boreal) Forests Tropical Rain Forests

Types of Forests

Temperate Forests 2 types 1.Deciduous forest 2.Evergreen forest

Deciduous Forest Located eastern U.S. Mild climate (seasons change) Rainfall cm p/yr

Deciduous Forest

Evergreen Forest Drier than deciduous forests Different soil Predominant evergreen trees

Evergreen Forest

What lives in a temperate forest?

Temperate Deciduous Forest

Taiga

Taiga Located in northern hemisphere (approx. 45°N-70°N) Cold & wet! (Russia) Coniferous forests

Tiaga

Taiga

Taiga

What lives in the taiga?

Tropical Rain Forest

Located nearest the equator 450cm of rainfall per year Little change throughout the year Biome with MOST diversity ½ of all Earth’s terrestrial species High primary productivity Soil is quite infertile

What lives in the rain forest?

Grasslands

Grasslands Two types of Grassland Biomes Tropical Savannahs Temperate Grasslands

Savanna

Savanna Located above & below rain forest Dry grasslands Tropical areas with low precipitation (90-150cm p/yr) Seasonal drought Temperature fluctuates Vast open areas with few trees Home of large grazing animals

What lives in the Savanna?

Savanna

Temperate Grasslands

Located halfway between equator and the poles Moderate temperature Aka prairies Interior of U.S. mostly prairie Good soil for agriculture

Grasslands

What lives in the grassland? …or use to

Temperate Grasslands

Review What are the 7 biomes? What lives there? List important facts about each

Aquatic Communities Fresh water WetlandsMarine

Aquatic Biomes

Freshwater Communities Lakes, ponds, streams, & rivers Only 1.8% of Earth’s surface Many organisms only live in freshwater

Freshwater Distribution

Freshwater Communities Fresh water is found in: LakesRiversPondsSwampsWetlands

Fresh water Ecosystem

Fresh water Ecosystems 3 Lake Zones 1.Littoral zone 2.Limnetic zone 3.Profundal zone

Freshwater Zones 1.Littoral zone ShallowShallow Near shoreNear shore Home of aquatic plantsHome of aquatic plants InsectsInsects AmphibiansAmphibians Small fishSmall fish Hint: “LITTER” is usually found in the littoral zone

Freshwater zones 2. Limnetic zone Farther from the shoreFarther from the shore Close to the surfaceClose to the surface Home of zooplankton, algae, fishHome of zooplankton, algae, fish

Freshwater Zones 3. Profundal Zone deep-water zone Very little light Bacteria, wormlike organisms

Rivers and Streams

Wetlands

Wetlands Areas covered with a layer of water Swamps, marshes Hydrophytes Cattails, grasses One of the most productive ecosystems!

Wetlands

Wetlands

Wetland Wildlife

What is eutrophication? 1.Increase in an amount of nitrates (used in fertilizers) 2.This increases the growth of bacteria & algae 3.Bacteria & algae use the oxygen 4.No oxygen left for the fish 

Marine Communities ¾ Earths surface is covered by ocean 3 types of marine communities: 1.Shallow Ocean water 2.Surface of open sea 3.Ocean depths

Shallow Ocean Waters Large number of species Intertidal zone Many marine invertebrates Coral reefs

Surface of Open Sea Plankton Bacteria, algae, small invertebrates 40% of photosynthesis that takes place on Earth Base of ocean food chain Light only penetrates 100m (328 ft)

What are they eating?

Intertidal Zone

Neritic Zone

Oceanic Zone

The deepest parts of the ocean ….

Ocean Depths DARKNESS! Giant squid, anglerfish Surprise, researchers are finding lots of biodiversity at these depths (2 miles)

Ocean Depths

Two More! Two other types of biological communities complete a characterization of marine biomes: Coral reefs Estuaries.

Estuaries

Coral Reefs