1. Chapter 21 Table of Contents Section 1 Terrestrial Biomes
Ecosystems
Table of Contents
Section 1 Terrestrial Biomes
Section 2 Aquatic Ecosystems

2. Chapter 21 Objectives Identify the eight major biomes.
Section 1 Terrestrial Biomes
Chapter 21
Objectives
Identify the eight major biomes.
Compare tundra with taiga.
Compare the different kinds of forests.
Compare the different kinds of grasslands.
Describe the adaptations of desert organisms.

3. Chapter 21 The Major Biomes
Section 1 Terrestrial Biomes
Chapter 21
The Major Biomes
The major types of terrestrial ecosystems, known as biomes, are tundra, tropical forest, temperate forest, taiga, temperate grassland, savanna, chaparral, and desert.

4. Section 1 Terrestrial Biomes
Chapter 21
Earth’s Major Biomes

5. Section 1 Terrestrial Biomes
Chapter 21
Tundra
Tundra is a cold biome characterized by permafrost under the surface of the ground.

6. Chapter 21 Forests Tropical Forests
Section 1 Terrestrial Biomes
Chapter 21
Forests
Tropical Forests
Tropical forests receive abundant rainfall and have stable temperatures.
They have a greater species richness than any other biome.

7. Chapter 21 Forests, continued Temperate Forests
Section 1 Terrestrial Biomes
Chapter 21
Forests, continued
Temperate Forests
Temperate forests have coniferous trees, which bear seeds in cones, or deciduous trees, which shed their leaves each year.

8. Chapter 21 Forests, continued Temperate Deciduous Forests
Section 1 Terrestrial Biomes
Chapter 21
Forests, continued
Temperate Deciduous Forests
The trees in temperate deciduous forests shed all of their leaves in the fall.

9. Chapter 21 Forests, continued Taiga
Section 1 Terrestrial Biomes
Chapter 21
Forests, continued
Taiga
Taiga is cold but is warmer than tundra and receives more precipitation.
Taiga is dominated by coniferous forests.

10. Chapter 21 Grasslands Temperate Grasslands
Section 1 Terrestrial Biomes
Chapter 21
Grasslands
Temperate Grasslands
Temperate grasslands occur in areas with cold winters and hot summers.
They are dominated by grasses and herds of grazing animals.

11. Chapter 21 Grasslands, continued Savanna
Section 1 Terrestrial Biomes
Chapter 21
Grasslands, continued
Savanna
Savannas are tropical grasslands with alternating wet and dry seasons.
They are dominated by herds of grazing animals.

12. Chapter 21 Grasslands, continued Chaparral
Section 1 Terrestrial Biomes
Chapter 21
Grasslands, continued
Chaparral
Chaparral is found in coastal regions with warm, dry summers and mild winters.
It is dominated by dense, spiny shrubs.

13. Section 1 Terrestrial Biomes
Chapter 21
Deserts
Deserts receive less than 25 cm (9.9 in.) of precipitation per year.
Desert inhabitants have adaptations for conserving water.

14. Chapter 21 Objectives Section 2 Aquatic Ecosystems
Identify the major ocean zones.
Compare the aphotic zone with the photic zone.
Compare the neritic zone with the oceanic zone.
Describe estuaries.
Compare eutrophic lakes with oligotrophic lakes.
Explain the significance of gradient in rivers and streams.
Describe freshwater wetlands.

15. Section 2 Aquatic Ecosystems
Chapter 21
Ocean Zones
The photic zone in the ocean receives light, but the aphotic zone does not.
Other zones of the ocean are defined based on their relative locations.

16. Chapter 21 Ocean Zones, continued The Intertidal Zone
Section 2 Aquatic Ecosystems
Chapter 21
Ocean Zones, continued
The Intertidal Zone
In the intertidal zone, organisms must be able to tolerate drying and pounding by waves.

17. Section 2 Aquatic Ecosystems
Chapter 21
Intertidal Zone

18. Chapter 21 Ocean Zones, continued The Neritic Zone
Section 2 Aquatic Ecosystems
Chapter 21
Ocean Zones, continued
The Neritic Zone
The neritic zone receives nutrients from the bottom of the ocean and from land. It is the ocean’s richest zone in terms of the number of species and individuals.

19. Section 2 Aquatic Ecosystems
Chapter 21
Neritic Zone

20. Chapter 21 Ocean Zones, continued The Oceanic Zone
Section 2 Aquatic Ecosystems
Chapter 21
Ocean Zones, continued
The Oceanic Zone
Production in the oceanic zone is limited by a shortage of nutrients.

21. Chapter 21 Ocean Zones, continued Estuaries
Section 2 Aquatic Ecosystems
Chapter 21
Ocean Zones, continued
Estuaries
Estuaries are very productive areas where rivers and streams flow into the sea.

22. Chapter 21 Freshwater Zones Lakes and Ponds
Section 2 Aquatic Ecosystems
Chapter 21
Freshwater Zones
Lakes and Ponds
Oligotrophic lakes are clear and lacking in nutrients.
Eutrophic lakes are rich in nutrients and are often murky.

23. Section 2 Aquatic Ecosystems
Chapter 21
Three Lake Zones

24. Freshwater Zones, continued
Section 2 Aquatic Ecosystems
Chapter 21
Freshwater Zones, continued
Rivers and Streams
Rivers and streams are bodies of water that flow down an elevation gradient within a watershed.

25. Freshwater Zones, continued
Section 2 Aquatic Ecosystems
Chapter 21
Freshwater Zones, continued
Freshwater Wetlands
Freshwater wetlands are areas of land, such as marshes and swamps, that are covered with fresh water for at least part of each year.

26. Section 2 Aquatic Ecosystems
Chapter 21
Freshwater Biomes