Islam Kaaba

Islam Beliefs Impact on Trade Founding Europe Empire India Sects Southeast Asia Africa Becomes Political

Founding Muhammad 622 CE Hijrah—from Makkah to Medina

Beliefs Monotheistic 5 Pillars of Islam –Alms-Zakat –Fasting –Prayer –Faith-Shahara –Haj Jihad— People of the Book—dhimmi status

Sects Shi’ite Sunni Sufis-mystical –Whirling Dervishes

Empire Building Umayyad Capital--Damascus Eastward to India and China Westward to North Africa and Spain Battle of Tours Stressed political not religious aspect of office United lands they ruled Arabic official language Minted Arabic currency Road building Postal routes Civil service Improved conditions for non-Muslims Opposition

Abbasids Capital Baghdad Harun al-Rashid--high point Battle of Talas River ends Tang spread 1258-Mongol assault

Trade Overland Trade cities brought under Islamic control Silk Routes Maintenance of roads for military and administration Camels and caravansaries

Maritime Compass-China Lateen Sail-Southeast Asia and India Astrolabe-Hellenistic mariners

Impact on Trade 1300’s

Europe Spain—Moors 732 Battle of Tours Crusades 1453 capture of Constantinople 1492 Reconquista

Women Muhammad’s wife a wealthy widow Women’s rights Contact with Syria and Persia Veiling

Cultural Influences Persian Administration Language-literature, poetry –Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam Greek Philosophy Arab Ibn Sina [Avicenna] –Medical texts

India 8 th century coastal trade controlled by Muslims Dhimmi status-People of the Book and extended to Hindus Islamic states in north Math, science, medicine

Southeast Asia Southernization of Islam Indonesia

Design and Architecture Alhambra

Turks Seljuks 11 th -14 th century Steppe people Hired by weak Abbasid rulers to fight in army 1000 moved from central Asia into Middle East Restored Sunni caliphate Gained control of main trade routes Used wealth to build an empire Defeated Byzantines at Battle of Manzikert 1071 Conquest of Palestine led Pope Urban II to call for first crusade Weak administrative skills Fell to Mongols

Crusades 11 th -13 th centuries— crusades 1 st Crusade—Patriarch of Constantinople 3 rd King’s Crusade 4 th destruction of Constantinople by Western Europeans

Ibn Battuta 14 th century

Ottoman Turks Osman 1453-Constantinople Suleiman I