Empire and Expansion Chapter

America Turns Outward Farmers & factory workers began to explore new markets beyond America U.S. experience growth in wealth, population, and productivity Joseph Pulitzer-wrote stories of overseas adventures Darwinism-earth belonged to the best, strongest Captain Mahan-sea was the source of controlling the empire Great Rapprochement- reconciliation between Britain an U.S.

Spurning Hawaiian Pear Hawaii-important sugar production US tried to force other countries away Asian laborers poured in to replace population losses brought on by European contact Small number of Americans over threw Hawaiian queen but Hawaii would not be annexed until 1898

Queen Liliuokalani, the last independent ruler of Hawaii

Cubans Rise in Revolt Cubans torched cane fields and sugar mills to get the Spanish to leave American self interest was hurt by this too Cuba was seen as the pivotal point to control gulf of Mexico Spanish created concentration camps Writers created atrocity stories both T/F

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Cubans Rise in Revolt US sent battleship Maine to protect Americans in case of a flare up Maine mysteriously blew up Americans wanted war but McKinley was in a jam McKinley went to war -Didn’t want to seem indecisive -Might help with re-election

Cubans Rise in Revolt McKinley issue the Teller Amendment-said that when Spanish were defeated, Americans would give Cubans their freedom

Dewey’s May Day Victory at Manila Roosevelt –assistant secretary of the navy- orders navy to get ready to attack Philippines in case of war George Dewey led the attack on Philippines US destroyed Spanish navy Emilio Aguinaldo helped lead US and Philippines to victory Hawaii is annexed out of fear of Japan taking it over

Review Questions Name several events/factors that led America to start looking outward. Why did the Cubans revolt? How did they revolt? Why/How did this affect Americans? How did the Spanish American War begin?

Confused Invasion of Cuba US gains Philippines Spain sent warships to Cuba Rough Riders- group of undisciplined soldiers, ex convicts, cowboys, extreme characters led by Wood Spanish surrendered and US turned towards Puerto Rico

America’s Course (Curse?) of Empire America acquires Guam and annexes Puerto Rico without promise of statehood Dilemma on what to do with Philippines -Couldn’t give it back to Spain -Couldn't let go to self rule -Problems making it a state Missionaries wanted America to control it

America’s Course (Curse?) of Empire Anti-imperialists argued for independence Violation of “the consent of the governed” -America needed to focus on more at home Imperialists-trade profits and civilizing people

Perplexities in Puerto Rico and Cuba Did the constitution hold true to territories? Divided Supreme court held that they would be granted some rights but not complete rights US withdrew from Cuba but forced them to agree to certain terms-Platt Amendment -US could intervene and restore when fit -Could not sign treaties to compromise their independence -Cuba promised to sell Naval Stations – Guantanamo Bay

Perplexities in Puerto Rico and Cuba Foraker act of granted limited degree of popular government 1917 Congress granted US citizenship to Puerto Ricans nt.shtml

New Horizons in Two Hemispheres US emerges as a world power as a result of the Spanish American War Led to colonialism and US becoming a world power United north and south Became a power in the far east

“Little Brown Brothers in the Philippines” Philippines were not granted freedom Emilio Aguinaldo led attack on US America spent huge amount of money there Americans have to sent 100,000 troops to control insurgents 600,000 Filipinos died there America adopts Benevolent assimilation policy America creates open door policy They received their freedom July 4, 1946

Hinging the Door Open in China China lost to Japan and was weak Europeans want to tap into their market John Hay issues Open Door Policy to all countries -Fair competition and respect of Chinese rights Boxer rebellion-patriotic Chinese killed foreigners Invading countries charged 333 million dollars in damages to China US got 24 million-took 18 to educate Chinese students in America

Imperialism or Bryanism/TR: Brandisher of the Big Stick Election of 1900 dealt with imperialism Roosevelt-youngest president at that time Charismatic ex war hero president “Speak softly and carry a big stick, you will go far” Believed president should lead boldly No respect for checks and balance system President may take any action not specifically written in constitution

TR Won Nobel peace prize for peace treaty between Russia and Japan and settled north African disputes -Negative future ramifications

Building The Panama Canal Colombia controlled Panama despite local resistance Colombia rejected offer of 10 million and annual payment of 250,000 French business man Bunau-Varilla worked with resistance to incite a rebellion Roosevelt sent troops to prevent Colombian support Would create bad relationships with Latin America

TR’s Perversion of Monroe’s Doctrine Latin American countries failed to pay debts to European countries Venezuela was attacked by Germany Roosevelt issued the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine -In the event of future failure of financial payments, US would pay the debt This would be used to justify many Latin American interventions which hurt relations

Roosevelt on the World Stage War broke out between Russia and Japan Russia tried to take over China’s Manchuria which threatened Japan Japan approached Roosevelt about a peace settlement Roosevelt settled the dispute and won the Nobel peace prize -Japan believed US cheated them out of compensation -Russia believed they were cheated out of a victory

Japanese Laborers Whites feared influx of Japanese immigrants Created segregated schools War talk broke out “Gentleman’s agreement”-Tokyo agreed to stop Japanese from coming over Roosevelt sends The Great White Fleet Root-Takihira-US/ Japan agreed to respect their territorial possessions in Pacific