1. US Foreign Policy Age of Imperialism

2. Hawaii Became important way station for American shippers on their way to Asia Americans settle and became prosperous sugar plantation owners American business men begin to control government of Hawaii Queen Liliuokalani came to power and tried to restore Hawaiian control of island In 1893 white plantation owners aided by US troops revolt and over threw the Queen Ask to be annexed Pres Cleveland said no After Spanish American War Pres McKinley favored annexation Hawaii was an important coaling station and had the world’s best natural harbor Long lasting resentment among many native Hawaiians

3. Cuba Cubans struggle for their independence Many Americans identified with Cuban resistance to colonial rule US businesses want control of Cuban sugar and other natural resources In 1898, sparked by revolution in Cuba the United States and Spain fought a war Treat of Pairs granted Cuba its independence Pres McKinley set up a US military government in Cuba US forced Cuba to add the Platt Amendment to their Constitution which – gave US military rights to interview when needed – Two naval bases – Made Cuba a protectorate for the next 31 years

4. Philippines US forces with help from Emilio Aguinaldo defeated Spanish troops in the Philippines Aguinaldo wanted Philippines to be independent US Pres McKinley decided to maintain US control of the Philippines – Too important to give up – wanted a presence in Asia – Might fall to another European nation (Germany) – Needed to civilize the people Filipinos rebelled to try to gain independence Revolt crushed after a three year war Philippines finally granted independence after World War II (July 4, 1946)

5. Puerto Rico Spain ceded Puerto Rico to the US after Spanish American War US selected military governor, council, and judges to rule the island Us wanted island – Presence in Caribbean – Protect canal that US was planning on building New government did many good things Foraker Act passed in 1900 allowed Puerto Rico to elect their own civilian government Jones Act 1917 granted Puerto Ricans US citizenship US businesses took over Puerto Rico Many Puerto Ricans resented US rule

6. China Interest in China for large market European powers carved our “spheres of influences” US (US Sec. of State John Hay) promoted Open Door Policy – No country would have a monopoly on trade with China – Respect China’s rights and fair trade for all – Way for US to further its trade interests Open Door Policy represented three key ideas of US – 1. economic growth was dependent on exports – 2. had the right to interview to keep markets open – 3. closing of markets threatened US survival China kept its freedom but was dominated by the West Nationalist movement grew Chinese rebelled and tried to remove foreign influence – Boxer Rebellion Rebellion was put down China continued to provide markets and raw materials for US

7. Panama After the Spanish America War US wanted to build canal across Central America – To allow warships to pass – To defend newly acquired territories – Facilitate trade US attempted to lease land from Columbia and build canal through Panama Columbia rejected offer US encouraged and assisted an armed rebellion of Panamanians to overthrow Colombian rule New Panamanian government agreed to allow US to build canal – Complete in 1914

8. Dominican Republic Ulises Heureaux took power – Improved education, transportation and encouraged foreign investment – BUT used money for his own pleasures – ran up large debits to over seas companies Heureaux was assassinated in 1899 leaving a large foreign debt Fear was that European nation would interfere to collect these debts Pres Roosevelt reminded European nation of the Monroe Doc US agreed to assumed Dominican Republican debts in return for the right to collect import duties (taxes) Roosevelt issued the Roosevelt Corollary – “disorder in Latin American might force the US to exercise the right of an international policy power” – Said that US would use force to protect its interests Pres Taft promoted “Dollar Diplomacy” – Taft would encourage and protect US Businesses in Latin America – Businesses were suppose to help the economy of the Latin America countries – US dollars not military would provide stability in Latin America

9. Mexico From 1876-1911 Mexico was ruled by Porfiro Diaz who encouraged US investment By 1900 US businesses had invested over a billion dollars Only a small wealthy group of Mexicans benefited from this Poor desperate Mexicans revolted in 1910 To restore law and order US businesses help Victoriano Huerta seize power – Brutal dictator Pres Wilson refused to recognize Huerta supported Venustiano Carranza – Believed Carranza would bring progressive reforms to Mexico Carranza seized power but refused to listen to Wilsons demands on how to reform the Mexican government Pres Wilson then supported Pancho Villa – Withdrew support form Villa US stopped being concerned about situation in Mexico due to the Great War that was looming in Europe