Ch 16.1 the Eisenhower era

ELECTION OF 1952 – TRUMAN DOESN’T RUN

Eisenhower vs. Stevenson

Eisenhower wins

Eisenhower had pledged to end the Korean War when running, traveled to Korea Dec 1952 Cease fire July 1953 Cold War continued

EISENHOWER COLD WAR POLICIES

Sec. of State – John Foster Dulles & his policies

Brinksmanship Build more nuclear weapons Threat of nuclear war would stop Soviets Go to brink of war without actually getting into war

Massive Retaliation US would use force, including nuclear weapons, to settle conflict against Soviets

CIA Took part in secret actions against hostile govs

STALIN DIED KHRUSHCHEV NEW LEADER

Warsaw Pact – military alliance of soviet dominated countries of eastern Europe

Similar in purpose to NATO Soviets controlled Eastern Europe Soviet invasion of Hungary

U.S. – Soviet relations

1960 U.S. sent U-2 aircraft into Soviet airspace to inspect their military facilities Soviets shot down the plane Khrushchev inspecting wreckage

Pilot Gary Powers picture upon capture (Bridge of Spies Movie) Upon his capture, he told his Soviets what his mission had been & why he had been in Soviet airspace. Done in accordance with orders that he had received before he went on his mission. Powers pleaded guilty, was convicted of espionage on 19 August, sentenced to three years' imprisonment and seven years of hard labor. He served one year & nine months of the sentence before being exchanged for Rudolf Abel on 10 February The exchange occurred on the Glienicke Bridge connecting Potsdam, East Germany to West Berlin

COLD WAR “HOT SPOTS”

Vietnam

Vietnam was a colony of France Vietnamese rebels, including Communists,, fought to oust French 1954 French lost control Viet Minh troops plant their flag over the captured French headquarters

Agreement – *Vietnam divided into North and South *North under Communists, temporary *1956 election to chose what kind of gov they would have *Eisenhower did not support

The Domino Theory

Theory prominent from the 1950s s, that speculated that if one country in a region came under the influence of communism, then surrounding countries would follow in a domino effect.

SEATO southeast Asia treaty organization

1955 SEATO Worked together to resist Communist aggression Supported nation of South Vietnam (anti- Communist)

THE MIDDLE EAST

Israel Conflict between Jews & Arabs Heightened in 1948 when Palestine divided into Jewish & Arab states by UN resolution

Arab neighbors attacked Israel won & Israel, Jordan, Egypt took over area set aside for Palestinians

Egypt Nasser sought to unite & strengthen Arab nations Sought support of Soviets Nasser took over Suez canal, cutting off oil for Europe, blocking Israel

Britain & France sent in forces Soviets threatened to get involved Eisenhower told invaders to leave Egypt Egypt kept control of canal

The Eisenhower Doctrine Declared the right of U.S. to help, upon request, any nation in Middle East trying to resist armed Communist aggression