2. The Cold War
Eisenhower Years

3. Vocab 32 P 335 CH 13 -Massive retaliation -Brinkmanship
-Covert -Developing Nation -Military-Industrial Complex -Eisenhower Doctrine ( P 338 )

4. I. Background
By 1952:
Russia tested an Atomic Bomb + Had Eastern Europe under “Iron Curtain”
Korean War - 30,000 Americans killed
USA helping rebuild $$$ Japan & Europe
China officially a communist country
Red Scare (pt 2) - Americans very afraid of communist threat

5. II. Brinkmanship
A) Brinkmanship - willingness to go to war to force other side to back down. On the brink of war
Nuclear War threat was a favorite of Eisenhower
1953 USA had 1,000 nikes. By ,000 Nukes!!
B) Examples:
China Communist China tried to reclaim Taiwan from Nationalist occupiers. USA threatened nuclear war to protect Taiwanese ally.
Egypt Troops tried to nationalize Suez Canal from British- French company. Fr/GB threatened invasion. Russia threatened rockets to Fr/GB. Eisenhower threatened Nuclear war to Russia. All calmed down.

6. III. Covert Operations
A) Covert Operations = Secret Operations by CIA to overthrow democratically elected leaders. We believed it was necessary but knew it was illegal.
Nationalize = to make private entity state owned.
B) Examples:
Iran Iranian PM nationalized oil company, ready to make deal with Russia. CIA staged riots and arranged coup to return previous king to power.
Guatemala Arbenz Guzman elected president on platform of nationalizing lands owned by American Company (United Fruit Co.) CIA armed and trained opposing party, who then invaded and took office.

7. Guatemala Vid

9. IV. Eisenhower Doctrine
A) Truman Doctrine = Stop the spread of communism through containment in Europe & Asia
B) Eisenhower Doctrine = Stop spread of communism in Middle East
Why??? O I L
Egypt, after Suez crisis, will try to unite Jordan, Syria & Iraq into Leftist Pan-Arab state.
Eisenhower will stop this trend in Lebanon, sending 5,000 marines to Beirut (capital).

10. V. Eisenhower Warns:
Situation not looking good when Eisenhower leaving office:
Castro established communist government in Cuba
South Vietnam about to go to war with communist North Vietnam
American Spy Plane shot down in Russia
Stalin died in his successor Nikita Khrushchev warned world of West’s goal for an Arms race.
+ Eisenhower, upon leaving office in said “New Relationship developed between Military establishment & defense industry. Be on guard against influence of military Industrial complex in our democracy (= MANY WARS TO COME)
Today 20% of our economy or $780 Billion goes into defense spending. Only 2% goes into education. :(

11. Mock Nuclear Attack Vid

12. Vid Atomic Bomb 1

13. Vid Atomic Bomb 2