Technology in American

Early 19th Century Eli Whitney – invention of the cotton gin John H. Hall – American system of production Cyrus H. McCormick – invention of mechanical reaper The Stevens Family – improving railroads and transportation Samuel F.B. Morse – invention of telegraph code Alexander Graham Bell – invention of telephone

The cotton gin is a machine designed to remove cotton from its seeds. The process uses a small screen and pulling hooks to force the cotton through the screen. It was invented by Eli Whitney on March 14, 1794, one of the many inventions that occurred during the American Industrial Revolution. However, earlier versions of the cotton gin had existed since the first century. It was improved over time from a single roller design to a double roller machine. Industrial Revolution In 1798, Eli Whitney invented a way to manufacture muskets by machine so that the parts were interchangeablemuskets Eli Whitney

1807 Regular Steamboat service on the Hudson River Robert Fulton Robert Fulton was born in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, on November 14, His early education was limited, but he displayed considerable artistic talent and inventiveness. His lifelong interest in scientific and engineering developments, especially in the application of steam engines. On August 17, 1807, the Clermont, Robert Fulton's first American steamboat, left New York for Albany, inaugurating the first commercial steamboat service in the world.

The second Industrial Revolution TelegraphTelegraph Samuel Morse was born in 1791, in Charlestown, Massachusetts. His father was a Congregational minister and a scholar of high standing, who was able to send his three sons to Yale College. Samuel attended Yale at the age of fourteen and was taught by Benjamin Silliman, Professor of Chemistry, and Jeremiah Day, Professor of Natural Philosophy, later President of Yale College, whose teaching gave Samuel the education which in later years led to the invention of the telegraph.

1844 Sewing MachineSewing Machine Elias Howe was the inventor of the first American-patented sewing machine. Elias Howe was born in Spencer, Massachusetts on July 9, After he lost his factory job in the Panic of 1837, Howe moved from Spencer to Boston, where he found work in a machinist's shop. It was there that Elias Howe began tinkering with the idea of inventing a mechanical sewing machine. sewing machine

1876 Telephone Born on March 3, 1847, in Edinburgh, Scotland, Alexander Graham Bell was the son and grandson of authorities in elocution and the correction of speech. Educated to pursue a career in the same specialty, his knowledge of the nature of sound led him not only to teach the deaf, but also to invent the telephone. Bell's greatest success was achieved on March 10, 1876— The first successful telephone transmission of clear speech using a liquid transmitter when Bell spoke into his device, “Mr. Watson, come here, I want to see you.” and Watson heard each word distinctly. Alexander Graham Bell

Alexander Graham Bell with a prototype ( 雏形 )telephone, The single-port design required the user to alternately speak into and then listen through the same hole.  hand style telephone 手摇式电话 dial telephone 拨号电话 A U.S. candlestick telephone in use, circa 1915

World's first handheld phone call in public Cooper is considered the inventor of the first handheld cellular phone and the first person to make a call on a handheld cell phone prototype on April 3, 1973, in front of reporters and passers-by on a New York City street. Cooper later revealed that watching Captain Kirk using his communicator on the television show Star Trek inspired him to develop the handheld mobile phoneNew York CityCaptain KirkcommunicatorStar Trek Martin copper

Modern mobile phone In addition to the standard voice function, current mobile phones may support many additional services, and accessories, such as SMS for text messaging, , packet switching for access to the Internet, gaming, Bluetooth, infrared, camera with video recorder and MMS for sending and receiving photos and video, MP3 player, radio and GPS.servicesaccessoriesSMStext messaging packet switchingInternetBluetoothinfraredcameraMMSphotosvideoMP3 player radioGPS

videophone a kind of videophone which Can write messages ( 可视手 写电话 answering machine 录音电话

苹果 iPhone 3G 摩托罗拉 RAZR 系列 RIM Blackberry Curve LG env2 LG Rumor

Electric light bulb in 1879 The electric light, one of the everyday conveniences that most affects our lives, was invented in 1879 by Thomas Alva Edison. incandescent （白炽灯） light bulb

This is a coin with the image of Edison and the light bulb he invented.

Cyrus Hall McCormick He was an American inventor and founder of the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company, which became part of International Harvester Company in 1902.The invention of the reaper made farming far more efficient, and resulted in a global shift of labor from farmlands to cities. In 1851, the reaper won the highest award of the day, the Gold Medal at London's Crystal Palace Exhibition.AmericaninventorInternational Harvester CompanyCrystal Palace Exhibition The McCormick Reaper

Frederick Winslow Taylor (3/20/ 1856–3/ 21,/1915) F. W. Taylor, was an American mechanical engineer who sought to improve industrial efficiency. He is regarded as the father of scientific management, and was one of the first management consultants. He discover the most efficient ways for laborers to accomplish their tasks.American mechanical engineerindustrial efficiency scientific managementmanagement consultants

Automobile manufacturer Henry Ford was born July 30, 1863, on his family's farm in Dearborn, Michigan. From the time he was a young boy, Ford enjoyed tinkering with machines. Farm work and a job in a Detroit machine shop afforded him ample opportunities to experiment. He later worked as a part-time employee for the Westinghouse Engine Company. By 1896, Ford had constructed his first horseless carriage which he sold in order to finance work on an improved model.Automobile Henry Ford

Ford Motor Company Ford Motor Company entered the business world on June 16, 1903, when Henry Ford and 11 business associates signed the company's articles of incorporation. The earliest record of a shipment is July 20, With the company's first sale came hope a young Ford Motor Company had taken its first steps

current major US automakers  Chrysler (1924-present): Jeep,Dodge( 道奇） ChryslerJeep Ford (1903-present) :Lincoln ( 林肯 )Mercury （水星） Mustang （野马） Mazda( 马自达）FordLincolnMercury Mustang General Motors(1908-present): Chevrolet （雪佛兰 ） Saturn （土星） Oldsmobile （奥兹莫比尔 ） Buick （别克） Daewoo( 大宇 ) Hummer( 悍马 )General MotorsChevrolet Saturn奥兹莫比尔 Buick

雪佛兰 Chevrolet 土星

别克

悍马 Hummer 大宇

林肯 水星

野马 马自达

吉普 道奇

1903 First AirplaneFirst Airplane Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright - Inventors of the First Engined Airplane Orville Wright ( ) and Wilbur Wright ( ) made their successful flight in December The craft soared to an altitude of 10 feet, traveled 120 feet, and landed 12 seconds after takeoff. After making two longer flights that day, Orville and Wilbur Wright sent this telegram to their father, instructing him to "inform press."

Third Industrial Revolution today The third industrial revolution, fueled by the combined powers of information technology, is changing not only the way we work but also our perceptions, definitions and insights into the world. Society will emerge from the third industrial revolution as a global village. Technology and information providers will empower people to find, retrieve, share and use data in ways that enrich their lives.

In the last half of the twentieth century, several new technologies intruded onto the American scene. First, television, whose commercial development was delayed by World War II, rapidly gained a place in American homes, spreading far faster than radios did in the 1920's. The pioneers of television, much like Edison and his motion picture machine, believed that the primary use of this new device would be educational. Instead of sitting in the back of a large hall trying to see the demonstrations performed by an instructor, students could clearly see everything close up. The Age of Visual Information had arrived!

Tv changes our lives in different ways

The Second World War As World War II approached, the U.S. military began to sponsor research into militarily useful inventions. Large organizations of engineers and scientists industrial manufacturers, university research, and military establishment were assembled,. the military's unique technological demands, concentration of funding, large scale application, and highly centralized control brought about technological innovations. Fundamental advances in computer, rocketry,nuclear energy and so on.

What came before computers?

When did calculating devices begin to operate without human power? Charles Babbage proposed a device called the Difference Engine （差分机） that would operate using steam power Intended to quickly and accurately calculate large tables of numbers used for astronomical and engineering applications In 1834, Babbage began designing a new general-purpose calculating device, called the Analytical Engine

Who invented the computer? Konrad Zuse 康拉德 · 楚泽（德 ） developed a computer called the Z3, which was based on bits Howard Aiken created the IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (ASCC), 自动程序控制计 算机 but it is usually referred to as the Harvard Mark I 哈佛大学教授霍华德 · 艾肯 (Howard Hathaway Aiken) 因在 20 世纪 40 年代 成功地研制出有深远影响的大型自动 数字计算机 Mark I 而被首批授予计算 机先驱奖

What characterized the first generation of computers? First-generation computers can be characterized by their vacuum tubes A vacuum tube is an electronic device that controls the flow of electrons in a vacuum –They consumed a lot of power –They also tended to burn out quickly Characterized by custom application programs Did not seem ready for “prime time”

How did second-generation computers differ from first-generation computers? Early proprietary operating systems were designed to work only on a particular computer Second-generation computers also ran programming language compilers High-level languages, such as COBOL and FORTRAN were available for use on second-generation computers

What are the characteristics of third- generation computers? Third-generation computers became possible in 1958, with the development of integrated circuits –RCA Spectra 70, IBM 360 In 1965, Digital Equipment Corp. (DEC) introduced the DEC PDP-8 By 2000, the IBM AS/400 (renamed the iSeries 400) was one of the few remaining devices that could be classified as a minicomputer Today, demand for minicomputers is satisfied by high-end personal computers and servers

Personal Computers: Who invented the personal computer? One such system was the Mark-8 developed by Jonathan A. Titus In 1975, Ed Roberts and the MITS company announced the MITS Altair In 1977, Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak founded Apple Computer Corporation and released the Apple I, a kit containing a motherboard with 4K of RAM that sold for $666.66

Apple I Apple II

The mouse invented in1968 by Doug Engelbart ( 道格 · 恩格勒巴特 )

IBM

computers

Who is he!

Apple

苹果平板电脑

苹果 Mac Book Pro(MB604CH/A

苹果 Mac Book Air(MC233CH/A

Rocketry Robert. Goddard was one of the first scientists to experiment with rocket propulsion systems. In his small laboratory in Worcester, Massachusetts,Goddard worked with liquid oxygen and gasoline to propel rockets into the atmosphere.In1926,he successfully fired the world’s liquid-fuel rocket which reached a height of 12.5 meters

Atomic bomb After German physicist split a uranium nucleus in 1938,Albert Einstein, Leo Szilard conclude that a nuclear chain reaction was feasible.In a letter to president Franklin Roosevelt, Einstein warned that this breakthrough would permit the construction of “extremely powerful bombs”. His warning inspired the Manhattan project ( 曼哈顿 工程 ),the us effort to be the first to build an atomic bomb. The project bore fruit when the first such bomb was exploded in new Mecico on July 16,1945

In 1945/8/6,the first atomic bomb was exploded in Hiroshima.

Cold War and Space Race The Cold War (1945–1991) was the continuing state of political conflict, military tension, and economic competition existing after World War II (1939–1945), primarily between the Unites states and Soviet Union. They expressed the conflict through military coalitions, strategic conventional force deployments, a nuclear arms race, and technological competition, e.g. the Space RaceWorld War IInuclear arms raceSpace Race

In January 31, 1958 America successfully invent the manned satellite named explorer 1January

The Apollo 11 mission landed the first humans on the Moon. Launched on July 16, 1969, the third lunar mission of NASA's Apollo Program was crewed by Mission Commander Neil Alden Armstrong, Command Module Pilot Michael Collins, and Lunar Module Pilot Edwin Eugene 'Buzz' Aldrin, Jr. On July 20, Armstrong and Aldrin became the first humans to land on the MoonMoon NASAApollo ProgramNeil Alden ArmstrongMichael CollinsEdwin Eugene 'Buzz' Aldrin, Jr Apollo 11

Question ? When Neil Alden Armstrong stepped on the Moon, what did he say ?Neil Alden Armstrong That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind

Aircraft Columbia STS Endeavour OV-105 challenger

STS Atlantis OV-104( 阿特兰蒂斯 ) founder

why the US technology and science is advanced 1.The results of the Industrial Revolution in the US. 2.The first Europeans to settle in American brought with them that technology which had been one of the triumphs of the Middle Ages. 3. Many great scientists,including those who were admitted by the US during the World War time, made great contributions to the science and technology of American. 4.The needs of commerce and politics also encouraged the invention of a set of machines designed,in one way or another,to facilitate communications.

6.The US has the world’s most advanced teaching facilities and teaching staff.The students are active in thinking and strong in innovative. 7.The abundant economic strength of the US provides a material base for the development of science. 8.The leaders pay much attentions to the development of the science and technology.Not only do they pass laws and hew out policies (such as Manhattan Project )but they also set up associations such as The American Association for the Advancement of Science and the Information Technology Association of American to protect the patent right and encourage more and more people to devote into the enterprise of creating.

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