1. The Second Industrial Revolution
Chapter 5 Section 2
Part 2
The Second Industrial Revolution

2. WORKERS AND THE SECOND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Machines run by unskilled workers took the place of many skilled craftspeople
Unskilled workers received low pay and needed little training
Specialization is when workers repeat a single step in the production line over and over

3. Specialization caused factory costs to drop and production to rise
Workers often worked to 16 hour days, six days a week
Workers had no paid vacations, no sick leave, and no work compensation for workplace injuries

4. By 1900, 1 in 6 children ages 10 to 15 years of age held a job outside the home
Because workers could be replaced easily, few complained for fear of losing their job

5. WHY UNIONS WERE FORMED
Loss of jobs for skilled workers
Low pay for unskilled workers
Dangerous working conditions – Workers used more machines and were pushed to work faster to keep up with them

6. UNION TACTICS
Using a method called collective bargaining, negotiating as a group, labor unions improved their chances of success
At first, unions preferred boycotts and negotiation to strikes
Strikes eventually became the most common tactic

7. MAJOR STRIKES AND WORKERS
Strikes led to conflicts between business owners and workers resulting in violence, arrests, and deaths
Government support for big business and strike defeats set the labor movement back for several years

8. UNION SETBACKS
Some businesses forced employees to sign documents saying they would not join unions
Businesses blacklisted troublemakers
Union kept on organizing but the late 1800s remained an era of big business

9. PATENTS
It is an exclusive right to make or sell an invention which encourages inventors to come up with new ideas and machines

10. INVENTIONS CHANGE PEOPLE’S LIVES
Inventions changed the way people:
Worked
Traveled
Lives

11. ADVANCES IN TRANSPORTATION Streetcars
Horse-drawn passenger vehicles were the earliest mass transit
In cities with steep hills, cable cars were built which latched onto a moving cable underground
by 1900, they were powered by overhead electrical wires

12. Subways
Boston opened the first underground subway in 1897 and the New York subway opened in 1904

13. Automobile
In 1893 Charles and Frank Duryea built the first practical American motor
The early automobiles were for the wealthy few who could afford them

14. Airplanes
On December 17, 1903, Orville and Wilbur Wright flew their tiny airplane at Kitty Hawk, NC

15. ADVANCES IN COMMUNICATION
Telegraph
In 1837, Samuel Morse patented the telegraph which sent messages instantly over wires with electricity and became the fastest way to send messages until the late 1800s

16. Telephone
Alexander Graham Bell patented the first device that transmitted voices by electricity
By 1900 there were more than million telephones in offices and households

17. Typewriter
Christopher Latham Sholes developed the first practical writing machine in 1867
Sholes later improved it by designing the keyboard that is still standard today
The typewriter could produce legible documents very quickly and business began hiring women as typists opening up new job opportunities for many American women

18. THOMAS EDISON
Invented the electric light bulb
Installed a lighting system powered by his own electric power plant
Invented the phonograph
Invented a motion picture camera and projector
He would hold more than 1000 patents