USH 15:1 The Origins of the Cold War – The Yalta Conference Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin meet in Yalta (Soviet Union) Agreements reached set the groundwork for Cold War

Issues at Yalta Poland Two governments-in-waiting – Communist and Democratic Stalin argues Poland must be communist because it is a neighbor country Churchill and Roosevelt reluctantly agree

Issues at Yalta The Declaration of Liberated Europe – “The right of all people to choose the form of government under which they will live”

Issues at Yalta Dividing Germany – Divide Germany into four zones Great Britain, U.S., France, Soviet Union would each control a zone – Stalin demands Germany pay war reparations Roosevelt agrees, with stipulations: – Germany will pay in goods, not cash – Germany will pay what it can afford

Issues at Yalta Tensions Rise After Yalta – Soviets (Russians) pressure king of Romania to appoint a communist gov’t U.S. accuses Soviets of violating “Declaration of Liberated Europe” – Soviets refuse to allow non-Communists serve in Polish government

The Cold War Yalta marks turning point in U.S. – Soviet relations Roosevelt: Allied victory + U.N. = peace – Instead: U.S. and Soviets become increasingly hostile and competitive with each other Era known as “Cold War” –

Cold War Soviet Goals and Ideals – Keep Germany weak – Control countries around Russia – Capitalism will eventually fail Doing countries a favor by making them communist – Capitalist countries want to destroy communist countries

American Goals and Ideals Economic growth is key to peace World trade will stop world war President Truman believed the appeasement of Hitler caused WWII – Would not appease future dictators

The Potsdam Conference Truman meets Stalin in Germany – Stalin: Germany must pay heavy reparations – Truman: German industry must recover, or Europe will not recover – American/Soviet tensions increase further

The Iron Curtain Communist countries in eastern Europe become “satellite nations” of Soviet Union – Remain friendly to Soviet Union – Follow Soviet policies Churchill: an “iron curtain” has fallen over eastern Europe – Speech in Fulton, Missouri