Structure and punctuation of compound and complex sentences Yeon heui kim

 Simple sentence a. Some students like to study in the morning. b. Jim and jack play football every afternoon c. Alice goes to the library and studies every day.  Compound sentence a. I tried to speak English, and Jon tried to speak German. b. John played football, so Maria went shopping. c. John played football, for Maria went shopping.  Complex sentence a. When he handed in his homework, he forget to give the teacher the last page. b. The teacher returned the homework after she noticed the error. c. After they finished studying, John and Maria went to shopping. Type of Sentence

Definition Compound sentence -consists of at least two independent clauses. - the clauses are joined by a coordinating conjunction(coordin ator). -FANBOYS (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) Complex sentence -contains at least one main clause and one subordinate clause. - always has a subordinating conjunction(subordi nator) such as because, since, after, although, or when, or a relative pronoun such as that, who, or which.

 Compound sentence - For (a reason) Alice played football, for Maria went to shopping. - And (non-contrasting items or ideas) I like football, and Mary likes basketball. - Nor (non-contrasting negative ideas) He didn’t go to school, nor I either. - But (contrast or exception) He invited me, but I don’t want to go. - Or (alternate item or idea) Every day they gamble, or they smoke. - Yet (contrast or exception) They gamble, yet they don’t smoke. - So (consequence) Maria went shopping, so Tom took a nap. Coordinators

 The most common subordinators in complex sentence - although, even though (slight contrast) - because, since, so that (reasons) - when, while, before, after, whenever (time relationship) - wherever, anywhere (place) - if, unless, whether (conditions) - as, as(adjective)as (comparison) - whereas (major contrast) Subordinators

. A necessary transition between two ideas in the sentences. This transition will indicate a time, Place, or cause and effective relationship.  To reduce the importance of dependent clause so that a reader understands which of two ideas is more important. The more important ideas belong in the main clause. The function of subordinators

 Compound sentence Rule: Coordinators are always preceded by a comma. S + V, Coordinator S + V a. I tried to speak Spanish, and my friend tried to speak English. b. Canada is a rich country, but still it has many poor people. c. Juan played football, yet Jane went shopping. d. They want to eat something, so Mary went shopping. Rule of punctuation

 Complex sentence Rule: Main clause + Ø + Subordinate clause Subordinate clause+, + Main clause a. I don’t want to go although he invited me to the party. b. Although he invited me to the party, I don’t want to go. c. John and Maria went shopping after they finished studying. d. After they finished studying, John and Maria went shopping. e. The teacher returned the homework after she noticed the errors. f. After she noticed the errors, the teacher returned the homework. Rule of punctuation

 Coordinators are used to connect simple sentences to form compound sentences.  Subordinators are used at the beginning of the clauses which make the clause dependent, requiring an additional independent clause to form a complex sentences.  Transition words and connectors are neither coordinators nor subordinators. Conjunctions and Transition words

 Transition words and connectors are used with sentences to show relationship between ideas within sentences.  Transition words and connectors are used between sentences to show the relationship between ideas in adjoining sentences, paragraph, or even major section of academic papers.  Type of connectors - Therefore, Similarly, Hence, Then, Also, Consequently.. (connector) - However, otherwise, Instead of, On the other hand… (contrast) - The first, The second, The third, ….. (time) - First of all, In addition, Moreover….. (addition) - Interestingly, Surprisingly, Undoubtedly.. (comment) - Most of all, The best things, The chief factor.. (emphasis) Transition words and connectors