1. Types of Sentences

2. Independent Clause
Independent: contains a subject and verb and expresses a complete thought.
Jim studied in the Sweet Shop for his chemistry quiz.

3. Dependent Clause
Dependent: contains a subject and verb but does not express a complete thought.
When Jim studied in the Sweet Shop for his chemistry quiz (What happened when he studied? The thought is incomplete.)
Marked by dependent marker word: after, although, as, as if, because, before, even if, even though, if, in order to, since, though, unless, until, whatever, when, whenever, whether, and while.

4. Simple Sentence
A simple sentence has a subject and a verb and completes a thought.
For example:
She went to the store.
(subject = she / verb = went)

5. Compound Sentence
A compound sentence is made by joining two independent clauses together with a conjunction.
Compound sentences are often formed with these coordinating conjunctions: and, but, for, or, nor, yet, so, and ; (the semi-colon).
Some examples:
John bought some new shoes, and he wore them to a party.
Lydia liked her new house, but she didn't like the front yard.
We can go see a movie, or we can get something to eat.

6. Complex Sentence
A complex sentence is made from an independent clause and a dependent clause joined together.
Complex sentences are often formed by putting these words at the beginning of the dependent clause: as, as if, before, after, because, though, even though, while, when, whenever, if, during, as soon as, as long as, since, until, unless, where, and wherever. These words are called subordinating conjunctions.
Some examples:
After I came home, I made dinner.
(dependent clause: "After I came home")
(indpendent clause: I made dinner)
We visited the museum before it closed.
(dependent clause: before it closed.)
(independent clause: We visited the museum)

7. Compound Complex Sentence
Has two main clauses and at least one dependent clause.
A compound-complex sentence consists of a combination of a compound sentence and a complex sentence.
Although I like to go camping, I haven't had the time to go lately, and I haven't found anyone to go with.
independent clause: "I haven't had the time to go lately"
independent clause: "I haven't found anyone to go with"
dependent clause: "Although I like to go camping... "