The Maritime Revolution to 1550 Turn to the person next to you and come up with the best definition for “maritime”. 2 MINUTES

The Pacific Ocean before 1450  People from the Southeast Asian Malay peninsula settled the East Indies, New Zealand, Hawaii, and other Pacific Islands.  Polynesian expansion resulted in planned voyages and knowledge of stars and currents.

Indian Ocean before 1450  Malay sailors colonized Madagascar  Arabs created trade routes with the rise of Islam  Chinese Ming dynasty sponsored voyages of massive proportions  Metals, silk, and spices traded  Improved relationships in governments

The Atlantic Ocean before 1450  Vikings explored Greenland, Iceland and Newfoundland  1300’s southern Europeans and Africans set out but did not return  Portuguese discovered and explored the Madeira's, Azores, and Canaries in 1300’s  The American’s had settled some Caribbean islands

European Expansion  REASONS = Curiosity, struggle with Islam, alliances, trade.  Iberian Kingdoms (Spain and Portugal) = advanced shipbuilding and canon technology  Italians had no reason to explore outside of the Mediterranean because they had ships made for calm waters and alliances with the Muslim empires

Portuguese Voyages  Prince Henry The Navigator explored coasts of Africa  1469 exploration picks up because private enterprise starts giving money  Vasco da Gama rounds the southern tip of Africa and establishes contact with India

Spanish Voyages  1492 Columbus sets out with letters of introduction to Asia and an Arabic interpreter  Treaty or Tordesillas = Spain and Portugal divide the world with a line I the N Atlantic  Ferdinand Magellan makes it to the Philippines

Encounters With Europe  WESTERN AFRICA – Welcomed the Portuguese and profited from trade. Kongo kingdom relied on slave trade.  EASTERN AFRICA – Christian Ethiopia gained Portuguese support when fighting the Muslims at Adal.  INDIAN OCEAN STATES – Portuguese captured the Indian port of Goa in 1510, Malacca in 1511, and set up a trading post in Macao in Southern China in  Never gained complete control of the Indian Ocean but did dominate it enough to control it and break the Italian monopoly on PEPPER.

The Americas  Spanish built a territorial Empire in the America while the Portuguese were building a maritime empire in the Indian ocean.  The Spanish came with guns, diseases, and bibles. Those who survived diseases and would not convert were killed.  1502 remaining Arawak people of Hispaniola were forced to serve as laborers.

Patterns of Dominance 1. Lack of resistance to disease 2. Spanish Military technology (swords, armor, horse, firearms) 3. Pattern of conquest from forced labor to forced conversion. Developed when the Spanish threw the Muslims out of Spain and used in America

ATLAS ASSIGNMENT  TITLE = Conquest of the Seas  LABEL = Oceans and Seas  SHADE = Portugal, Spain, Spanish America, Portuguese America  DRAW LINES FOR = Columbus’s routes, Vasco da Gamma's Routes, Magellan's Routes, Henry the Navigator’s Routes, and Treaty of Tordesillas  ADD = 10 additional symbols