Poetry SMACKDOWN! IB/AP English 12

3 Groups 1. Dramatic poetry: when speaker/character of poem speaks to someone else who may respond, but usually responses are not part of poem –“The Flea” 2. Narrative poetry: poems that tell a story with elements of plot –Epics: The Inferno; The Odyssey; Beowulf 3. Lyric poetry (lyrics): a poem that expresses one central thought or emotion –Many forms fall into this genre

Ballads Can be narrative and/or dramatic poems Characteristics: –Question and answer format –Refrain –Omitted details –Supernatural elements –Sensational or tragic subject matter

Lyric Forms Ode Elegy Aubade Villanelle Epigram Sonnet Pastoral

Sonnet Forms Italian/Petrarchan –An octave: abbaabba –A sestet: cdecde English/Shakespearean –Three quatrains: abab cdcd efef –A couplet: gg –Spenserian = abab bcbc cdcd ee

Sonnet Techniques Each quatrain presents one idea in relation to topic Ending couplet usually presents the theme Blason = an ordered poem of praise, organized detail by detail Turn/volta = A shift in focus or thought; the speaker is “turning” from one thing to another –Usually there is one, significant turn

Time Periods/Movements Anglo-Saxon Middle Ages Renaissance Restoration Romantic Victorian Modern

Important Poetic Movements before Modernism Carpe Diem Poetry (Renaissance) –Andrew Marvell Metaphysical Poetry (Renaissance) –John Donne Romantic Poetry –William Wordsworth

Meter Iamb = balloon, above Trochee = soda, under Anapest = contradict, in the sky Dactyl = maniac Spondee = manmade

Feet = units of measurement Dimeter Trimeter Tetrameter Pentameter

Put it Together & What Do You Get? Iambic tetrameter Dactylic pentameter Anapestic hexameter, etc. Trochaic trimeter

Line Groupings Rule #1 has a particular rhyme scheme Rule #2 each line has the same meter Couplet Sestet Octave Quatrain

Rhyme Slant (half) rhyme – imperfect, approximate rhyme Enjambment End-stopped lines Caesura