1. The Sonnet

2. Format 14 lines Iambic pentameter 5 feet I like apple pie
Unstressed / stressed syllable

3. 2 types of sonnet
Italian
Petrarchan
English
Shakespearean

4. Format
Rhyme scheme
Depends on type of sonnet
Uniform within that type

5. Italian (Petrarchan)
Octave
1st 8 lines
Sestet
Last 6 lines

6. Italian (Petrarchan) Rhyme Scheme
Octave
abba/abba
Sestet
cde/cde
cd/cd/cd

7. English (Shakespearean)
3 Quatrains
Group of 4 lines
Couplet
Last 2 lines

8. English (Shakespearean) Rhyme Scheme
Quatrains
abab/cdcd/ efef
Couplet gg

9. Subject matter
Typically of an eternal theme
Love
Time
Death
Loss

10. Subject matter
Shift
Where the subject turns from presentation to solution

11. Italian
Octave
Presents the problem
Sestet
Solves the problem

12. English Quatrains Couplet Explain / expand on the subject
Summary statement

13. Subject matter
These rules are especially true where a sonnet takes on the topic of LOVE