IV. The Civil War and American Life Chapter 11, section 4

A. Divisions Over the War 1. Southerners with few slaves did not support the war 2. In the North, many felt the South had the right to secede, and others opposed the Emancipation Proclamation 3. Northern Democrats (“Copperheads”) criticized Republicans, and called for peace with the Confederates 4. Both presidents suspended Habeas Corpus

B. The Draft Laws 1. Desertion was a problem for both sides 2. To meet the need for troops, each side established a military draft 3. The wealthy had ways out of the fighting 4. “A rich man’s war, and a poor man’s fight” 5. Anger against the draft led to violent riots in the North in 1863

C. The War and Economic Strains 1. Northern industry thrived, but there was a constant shortage of workers 2. To pay the costs of the war, Congress levied the first income tax in U.S. history 3. Both sides were affected by high inflation 4. The Union blockade and destruction of farmland led to shortages of basic necessities, and eventually riots

D. Women in the Civil War 1. Some contributed to the war effort by joining the army, or acting as spies 2. Many others took over farms and businesses as men went off to fight 3. The war created new opportunities for women in male-dominated professions, such as teaching and nursing