1. Section 4 – pg 402 The Civil War and American Life
Chapter 11
Section 4 – pg 402
The Civil War and American Life

2. Pg 402
Divisions Over the War
The Civil War also caused divisions within the North and South
Not all northerners supported a war to end slavery or restore the Union
Not all southerners supported a war to defend slavery or secession

3. Division in the South Pg 402
Opposition to war was strongest in Georgia and North Carolina
Nearly 100 peace protests took place in North Carolina
Regions w/ large slaveholding plantations supported the war more strongly than poor backcountry regions
Division also came from strong support of states’ rights
Many governors did not want people from other states leading their troops

4. Division in the North Pg 403 Northerners were divided over the war
Many opposed Emancipation Proclamation
Some believed that the South had a right to secede
Some Democrats blamed Lincoln and the Republicans for forcing the South into a war
Copperheads: Northern Democrats who opposed the war
Strongest in Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois

5. Dealing With Disruptions
Pg 403
Dealing With Disruptions
Some people on both sides tried to disrupt the war effort
Often encouraged soldiers to desert
In the North, some helped prisoners of war to escape
In the South, people tried to prevent men from signing up for the military
To deal with this, both Lincoln and Jefferson suspended the right of habeas corpus in some places during the war
Habeas corpus: a constitutional protection against unlawful imprisonment
In the North, more than 13,000 ppl were arrested and jailed w/o trials

6. Pg 404
The Draft Laws
Desertion was a problem for both sides
300,000 – 550,000 Union and Confederate soldiers left and went home
About half returned after crops were planted or harvested
Both sides issued a draft (a system of required military service)
In April 1862, the Confederacy passed a law requiring white men between ages 18 and 35 to serve for 3 years
Later expanded to ages 17 to 50
North adopted draft in 1863, for men ages 20 to 45

7. There were ways of getting out of the draft
Pg 404
There were ways of getting out of the draft
In the South, a man who had 20 or more slaves was exempt
Both sides allowed draftees to hire people to serve in their place
Northerners did not have to serve if they paid the gov’t $300 (which was abt a years pay)
Many people complained that the draft made the war
“a poor man’s fight”

9. Anger over the drafts led to violent riots in the North in July 1863
In NY mobs of factory workers and laborers rioted for several days, destroying property and attacking African Americans and wealthy white men
Pg 404

10. The War and Economic Strains
Pg 405
The War and Economic Strains
Northern industries boomed producing goods for the war
Plenty of jobs were available b/c of this but draft created a worker shortage
To pay for the cost of war, Congress levied the first income tax in August 1861
Income tax: a tax on the money people receive
Union also printed $400 million paper money to help pay expenses
This was the first federal paper money
Extra money caused inflation (general rise in prices)
The prices of goods increased an average of 80% during the war

11. The South had harder trouble financially sustaining the war
Pg 405
The South had harder trouble financially sustaining the war
Union blockade prevented the South from raising money by selling cotton overseas
Shortages made good more expensive
Greater inflation than in the North
Southern food production fell as invading Union armies destroyed farmland and crops
Shortages of food led to riots in some southern cities
In Richmond, more than 1,000 women looted shops for food, cloth, and shoes in 1863

12. Women in the Civil War Pg 405
Women on both sides contributed to the war in many ways
At least 400 women disguised themselves as men and joined the army
Others became spies behind enemy lines
Many took over businesses, farms, plantations while the males served in the army
Southern women even worked the fields

13. Pg 406 Women on both sides worked in factories
Did dangerous jobs like making ammunition
Others took gov’t jobs
Confederate gov’t employed women to sign and number Confederate currency
War created job opportunities for women
Became teachers, nurses, even physicians
Elizabeth Blackwell, America’s first female
physician, trained nurses for Union army
Social reformer Dorothea Dix became head
of Union army nurses
Harriet Tubman served as a nurse when not
leading enslaved ppl to freedom