1. 11.3 Review The Emancipation Proclamation
The Proclamation did what?
Freed slaves in areas that were fighting against the Union
What was it’s main purpose?
To hurt the Southern war effort
How did it hurt the South?
Confiscated their property (slaves)
Prevented a Confederate alliance with England & France
Led to 215,000 extra Union soldiers (Turned war into fight for freedom)

2. Chapter 11, Section 4 The Civil War & American Life p. 402-406
The war causes divisions in both North & South while changing the lives of civilians & soldiers alike.

3. Copperheads: Northern Democrats opposed to the war (p. 403)
Divisions Over the War
Main Idea: On both sides, pursuit of the war is hampered by disagreements among the people.
Southern Division: some southern states object to the Confederate draft of their men
Some states (S.C.) don’t want officers from other states commanding their soldiers
Northern Division: Democrats blame Lincoln for the war.
Demand a negotiated peace with the Confederacy
Both Abraham Lincoln & Jefferson Davis suspend the writ of habeas corpus
Constitutional protection against unlawful imprisonment
Copperheads: Northern Democrats opposed to the war (p. 403)

4. The Draft Laws
Main Idea: Both sides find it necessary to draft men into military service.
High causality rates & desertion force both sides to issue draft
a system of required military service.
South draft men aged 18-35
Later, age extended to 17-50
North draft men ages 20-45
Wealthy families can pay $300 to avoid draft.
Southerners who own 20 or more slaves don’t have to serve.
Draft causes riots in New York, July, 1863
Riot lasts several days: destroy property of the wealthy & attack African Americans (see page 404)
Rioters protesting “poor man’s fight” clash with Federal troops in New York

5. The War and Economic Strain
Main Idea: The war strains the finances of governments and individuals.
Industry booms in North
Causes labor shortage
To pay for the war, Congress levies the first income tax
to impose by law
tax based on the amount of money earned
North uses paper money to finance the war
This creates inflation in North
general rise in prices
Inflation far worse in South
South suffers food shortages
1,000 women riot in Richmond, looting stores for clothing, shoes, & food in 1863
Food Riots in Richmond, VA

6. Clara Barton: Founder of the American Red Cross
Women in the Civil War
Main Idea: The war opens many new opportunities for women, who contribute greatly to the war effort.
Home Front: North & South
Run farms & plantations
Work factory jobs
Work government jobs
War Front: North & South
Spies
Scouts
At least 400 women pose as men to join the army.
Before the Civil War, men were the nurses
Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell: 1st Female doctor in America
Stress cleanliness in medicine & military camps
Clara Barton: Founder of the American Red Cross

7. Mary Boykin Chesnut
Wife of U.S. Senator, James Chesnut, Jr. (South Carolina)
He served as brigadier general in Confederate Army
She kept a personal diary throughout the war (Feb Jun. 1865)
Witnessed bombardment of Ft. Sumter
Diary is primary source with a Southern point-of-view
Awarded Pulitzer prize for history

8. Spy vs. Spy Elizabeth Van Lew Rose O’Neal Greenhow
Union Spy in Richmond
Called “Crazy Bet” acted crazy around Confederates
Spied on Jefferson Davis at the Confederate White House
Gen. Grant, "You have sent me the most valuable information received from Richmond during the war."
Liked to throw parties for Union Officers
passed information to Confederacy
Deported to England-drowned in a ship wreck

9. Is it Mr. or Mrs.? Frances Clalin Clayton Jack Williams
Frances Clayton fought beside her husband during the Civil War as Jack Williams in a Missouri artillery unit and later in the cavalry

10. Jenny Hodgers/Albert D. Cashier
Enlisted in Illinois 95th Infantry Regiment as Albert D. Cashier
Served until the war was over
Continued posing as Albert D. Cashier until shortly before her death
Received a veteran’s pension for her service