1. Lesson 17.2a: War Affects Society

2. Essential Question
How did the Civil War affect the lives of the civilians who remained home?

3. Vocabulary Copperhead:
Northerner who wanted peace with the Confederacy instead of victory in the war.
civilian:
anyone not in the military
conscription:
forced into military service
enlist:
to voluntarily sign up to serve in the military or in some cause.
bounty:
cash bonus given for enlisting

4. More Vocabulary inflation:
an increase in the prices for goods and services.
income tax:
a tax on earnings.
greenback:
paper money printed by the Union during the Civil War.
desertion:
abandoning one's military unit with no intention of returning.

5. What we already know…
Public opinion remained divided in the North, where many people disapproved of Lincoln and the war.

6. What we already know…
The Northern economy was much more industrialized than the Confederacy’s economy.

7. What we already know…
Most of the fighting of the Civil War, and the worst of the destruction, would occur on Southern soil.

8. Disagreements About the War
By 1863, many Southerners were growing weary of the war and its constant sacrifices.
Mayflower Compact = self rule

9. Disagreements About the War
When food began to run out, food riots had broken out in several Southern cities, including Richmond, the capital city.
Mayflower Compact = self rule

10. Disagreements About the War
Southern soldiers deserted the army in large numbers.
By 1863, the Confederate army had shrunk by almost 40% due to casualties and desertion.
Mayflower Compact = self rule

11. Disagreements About the War
Southerners, like Jefferson Davis believed the US Constitution upheld the individual sovereignty and independence of states over that of any central government.
Mayflower Compact = self rule

12. Disagreements About the War
The same principle of states’ rights that led them to break with the Union, but also kept them from coordinating their war effort.
Mayflower Compact = self rule

13. Disagreements About the War
Disagreements over the conduct of the war also arose in the North. Lincoln’s main opponents were the Copperheads, Northern
Democrats
who favored
peace with the
South.
Mayflower Compact = self rule

14. Disagreements About the War
President Lincoln had protesters arrested and suspended the writ of habeas corpus, which prevents the government from holding citizens without a trial.
Mayflower Compact = self rule

15. Get your whiteboards and markers ready!

16. What did Southerners like Jefferson Davis believe the Constitution said about the rights of states?
A. The constitution upheld the individual sovereignty and independence of states.
B. States can secede from the Union, but only with Congressional approval.
C. The rights of states are based on the Constitution.
D. Under the Constitution, states may not secede from the Union under any circumstances.

17. How did the South’s principle of states’ rights undermine the Confederate war effort ?
A. The South had few mines to provide natural resources that the Confederate war effort required.
B. Each state worked in its own interest, preventing the coordination of efforts.
C. Each state decided for itself how much of its mining wealth should be contributed to the government.
D. Several states seceded from the Confederacy itself.

18. What is a Copperhead? A. A Southern abolitionist.
B. Southerner who favored peace with the North instead of victory in the war.
C. Follower of John Brown.
D. Northerner who favored peace with the South instead of victory in the war.
E. Person who helped runaway slaves escape through to the Union lines.

19. How did President Lincoln deal with Copperheads and war protests?
A. He had many war protestors arrested.
B. He tried to win them over to his viewpoint by using logic and persuasion.
C. He suspended the writ of habeas corpus, which prevents the government from holding citizens without a trial.
D. He exiled Copperheads and their families to the Confederacy.
E. He ordered the execution of several leading Copperheads.
( Choose all that apply.)

20. The Draft Laws
As the war dragged on and more soldiers were needed, the government passed
conscription laws that required men to serve in the military.
Mayflower Compact = self rule

21. The Draft Laws
Both sides allowed wealthy men to hire substitutes to serve in their place.
Mayflower Compact = self rule

22. The Draft Laws
Confederate conscription laws required all men between 18 and 45 to enlist, with few exceptions.
Mayflower Compact = self rule
One exception was planters who owned 20 or more slaves did not have to serve in the Confederate army.

23. The Draft Laws
Poor Southerners complained that it was a “rich man’s war but a poor man’s fight.”
Mayflower Compact = self rule

24. The Draft Laws
The Union government could afford to offer bounties (money) to men who volunteered to serve. The North also needed fewer men
men to be
drafted.
Mayflower Compact = self rule

25. The Draft Laws Even so, the draft was extremely unpopular.
New York City suffered four days of riots, during which rioters destroyed property, attacked people on the streets, and killed many African Americans.
Mayflower Compact = self rule

26. Economic Effects of the War
Food shortages were very common in the South. One reason was so many farmers were away
fighting
in the war.

27. Economic Effects of the War
Another reason for the food shortages was that farmers insisted of planting food crops planted cash crops like cotton instead.

28. Economic Effects of the War
Whenever the Northern armies drew near, many slaves ran away to Union lines, depriving the Confederacy of labor.
Mayflower Compact = self rule

29. Economic Effects of the War
Southern civilians rioted over food shortages in several Confederate cities, including Richmond, the capital. Rioters broke into shops and stole food and other goods
Mayflower Compact = self rule

30. Economic Effects of the War
Inflation made life harder for working people, to purchase basic needs. Some prices rose as much as 9,000 percent.
Mayflower Compact = self rule

31. Economic Effects of the War
Overall, war production boosted industry and fueled the Northern economy.
Mayflower Compact = self rule

32. Economic Effects of the War
Eventually, manufacturing would begin to replace farming as the basis of the national economy.
Mayflower Compact = self rule

33. Economic Effects of the War
In 1861, to help pay for the war, the Union established the first income tax. People making between $600 and $10,000 paid
3% of their earnings to the government.
Mayflower Compact = self rule

34. Economic Effects of the War
To help pay for the war, the Union printed money. The money was printed on both sides. The money was called greenbacks since one side was printed in green ink.
Mayflower Compact = self rule

35. Resistance by Slaves
With so many Southern men off to war, slaves often resisted by slowing their pace of work or stopping altogether.

36. Resistance by Slaves
Acts of sabotage against crops and farm equipment were very common.

37. Resistance by Slaves
A few slaves even rose up in rebellion against their owners.

38. Resistance by Slaves
After Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, even more slaves ran away from plantations, with as many as half a million having
fled to Union
lines by the
end of the war.
Mayflower Compact = self rule

39. Get your whiteboards and markers ready!

40. How did the draft laws in the North and South differ?
A . Only the North required all men between 18 and 45 to enlist, with few exceptions.
B. Only the Confederacy allowed draftees to hire substitutes to serve in their place.
C. The North offered volunteers a bounty of $300, which led to more volunteers.
D. The Union allowed very wealthy farmers to be exempt from military service.

41. What was the main reason the South experienced food shortages?
A . Too many farmers were away fighting in the army.
B. Food was being sent to the front to feed the army.
C. Farmers planted cash crops like cotton instead of food crops.
D. Slaves that could have produced food were drafted into the Confederate army.

42. What was the main reason the South experienced food shortages?
A . Too many farmers were away fighting in the army.
B. Food was being sent to the front to feed the army.
C. Farmers planted cash crops like cotton instead of food crops.
D. Slaves that could have produced food were drafted into the Confederate army.

43. Which was the least common form of slave resistance?
A. Slowing down or stopping work.
B. Breaking tools and farm equipment.
C. Rising up against their masters.
D. Running away to the Union army.
E. Destroying crops.

44. A and B Discuss
The South had times during the war when they suffered through food shortages. What could be a reason that the South continued to grow cash crops like cotton instead of food?