18.3 Radical Days of the Revolution 1793 revolution entered the radical phase.

The Monarchy is Abolished Well trained Prussian troops cutting down French recruits Royalist officers deserting and joining emigres

Tensions Lead to Violence Parisians storm royal palace Noble and Priest prisoners attacked “September Massacre”

Radicals take Control and Execute the King New legislative body call the National Convention Suffrage, right to vote – extended to all male citizens not just property owners Abolished monarchy Established French Republic Jacobins led convention and seized lands of nobles Louis convicted as traitor by single vote January 1793 October Marie Antoinette was also executed

Terror and Danger Grip France Convention Creates a New Committee Jacobins vs. Girondins Food shortages and inflation effect sans-cullotes Committee of Public Safety Dealt with the threats to France Issued mass levy tax to pay for war effort 12 member committee in charge of trials and executions

Terror and Danger Grip France Robespierre “the incorruptible” Robespierre (ROHBZ pyehr) Shrewd lawyer rose quickly among the Jacobins Embraced Rousseau’s idea of general will as source of legitimate law Promoted religious toleration and abolish slavery Republic of virture could be achieved only through terror “Liberty cannot be secured unless criminals lose their heads

Terror and Danger Grip France Guillotine Defines the Reign of Terror Robespierre “chief architect of the Reign of Terror 9/1793 to 7/1794 300,000 arrested – 17,000 were executed Many died from disease in prison Members of the Convention eventually turned on the Committee of Public Safety Robespierre arrested and executed the next day

The Revolution Enters its third Stage Constitution 1795 set up a 5 man Directory and two house legislature elected by male citizens of property. Middle class and professional people of bourgeoisie dominant force during this stage

The Revolution Enters its third Stage Directory held power from 1795 – 1799 Problems Directory Faced Corrupt leaders War with Austria and Great Britain Revival of royalist feelings Catholics welcoming emigres 1797 supporters of constitutional monarchy won majority of seats in legislature Politicians begin to turn to rising military star NAPOLEON Bonaparte

Revolution Brings Change 10 year revolution Dislodged the old order Overthrew the monarchy Brought church under state control Title “citizen” applied to all people regardless of social class

Revolution Brings Change Nationalism Spreads Revolution and war gave people strong sense of national identity Nationalism – strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one’s country, spread throughout France. French nationalistic songs become popular

Revolution Brings Change Revolutionaries Push for Social Reform State schools to replace religious ones Organized systems to help the poor, old soldiers and widows Gov’t abolished slavery (problems in Haiti)