Human Origins

How do we find out about human origins????? Through the work of scientists such as Archaeologists Excavate sites in search of artifacts which determine the way people live. Artifacts = Man-Made Objects Anthropologists Study the Culture of a people Culture = A people’s unique way of life. Paleontologists Use techniques to date fossil remains & rocks Study animal & plant life.

What tools are used to date objects? Radio-Carbon DatingLayering

Examples of Artifacts

Fossils

Essential Knowledge 1.Name the 3 types of scientists who study Human Origins? 2.What are artifacts? 3.Name 2 ways scientists may determine the age of artifacts/fossils. 4.How do fossils differ from artifacts?

Most famous Human Origin Scientists The Leakey Family – Mary & Louis Earliest discoveries of Hominids Hominids = All Human & Human-like Creatures

What is the Olduvai Gorge?

Human Migration

Most important discoveries “Lucy” Discovered by Donald Johansson & team in “Most complete skeleton of an adult hominid. BUT….. “Ardi” Discovered more recently OLDEST skeleton found to date.

Lucy & Ardi Why was “Lucy” important? tv-shows/greatest- discoveries/videos/100- greatest-discoveries-lucy.htm Why was “Ardi” important? tch?v=wjTOkV7r_-o

Essential Knowledge 5. Where would one find the Olduvai Gorge? 6. What is the significance of the Olduvai Gorge? 7. Who is the most famous anthropological family? 8. What is the name of the oldest, most complete hominid skeleton? Oldest period?

Hominids Australopithecines Earliest known group of Hominids Include “Lucy” & “Ardi” Found approximately 7 Million years ago (?)

3 Main Types of Hominids Homo Habilis Homo Erectus Homo Sapiens

Hominids How did the Hominids Differ?

Homo Habilis Man with Ability Million BCE First to make tools

Homo Erectus Man who walks upright 1.6 Million to 30,000 BCE 1 st thought to migrate 1 st to create fire

Homo Sapien Man who thinks Two Types Neanderthal 200, 000 – 30,000 BCE Cro-Magnon 40,000 – 8,000 BCE

Homo HabilisHomo Erectus Homo Sapien Neanderthal Homo Sapien Cro-Magnon Years BCE Technological Innovations Social Behaviors

Homo HabilisHomo Erectus Homo Sapien Neanderthal Homo Sapien Cro-Magnon Years BCE Mil Technological Innovations Social Behaviors

Homo HabilisHomo Erectus Homo Sapien Neanderthal Homo Sapien Cro-Magnon Years BCE Mil Technological Innovations Crude Stone Tools Social Behaviors

Homo HabilisHomo Erectus Homo Sapien Neanderthal Homo Sapien Cro-Magnon Years BCE Mil Technological Innovations Crude Stone Tools Social Behaviors Limited Speech Food Gathering & Scavenging

Homo HabilisHomo Erectus Homo Sapien Neanderthal Homo Sapien Cro-Magnon Years BCE Mil1.6 Mil-30,000 Technological Innovations Crude Stone Tools Social Behaviors Limited Speech Food Gathering & Scavenging

Homo HabilisHomo Erectus Homo Sapien Neanderthal Homo Sapien Cro-Magnon Years BCE Mil1.6 Mil-30,000 Technological Innovations Crude Stone Tools Hand Axes & flaked stone tools Caves/pits used Animal Skins Fire controlled Social Behaviors Limited Speech Food Gathering & Scavenging

Homo HabilisHomo Erectus Homo Sapien Neanderthal Homo Sapien Cro-Magnon Years BCE Mil1.6 Mil-30,000 Technological Innovations Crude Stone Tools Hand Axes & flaked stone tools Caves/pits used Animal Skins Fire controlled Social Behaviors Limited Speech Food Gathering & Scavenging Language Nomadic Hunting- Gathering

Homo HabilisHomo Erectus Homo Sapien Neanderthal Homo Sapien Cro-Magnon Years BCE Mil1.6 Mil-30,000200,000-35,000 Technological Innovations Crude Stone Tools Hand Axes & flaked stone tools Caves/pits used Animal Skins Fire controlled Social Behaviors Limited Speech Food Gathering & Scavenging Language Nomadic Hunting- Gathering

Homo HabilisHomo Erectus Homo Sapien Neanderthal Homo Sapien Cro-Magnon Years BCE Mil1.6 Mil-30,000200,000-35,000 Technological Innovations Crude Stone Tools Hand Axes & flaked stone tools Caves/pits used Animal Skins Fire controlled Spear Points Shelter built Skins Laced Social Behaviors Limited Speech Food Gathering & Scavenging Language Nomadic Hunting- Gathering

Homo HabilisHomo Erectus Homo Sapien Neanderthal Homo Sapien Cro-Magnon Years BCE Mil1.6 Mil-30,000200,000-35,000 Technological Innovations Crude Stone Tools Hand Axes & flaked stone tools Caves/pits used Animal Skins Fire controlled Spear Points Shelter built Skins Laced Social Behaviors Limited Speech Food Gathering & Scavenging Language Nomadic Hunting- Gathering Planned Burials Care for Disabled

Homo HabilisHomo Erectus Homo Sapien Neanderthal Homo Sapien Cro-Magnon Years BCE Mil1.6 Mil-30,000200,000-35,00040,000-8,000 Technological Innovations Crude Stone Tools Hand Axes & flaked stone tools Caves/pits used Animal Skins Fire controlled Spear Points Shelter built Skins Laced Social Behaviors Limited Speech Food Gathering & Scavenging Language Nomadic Hunting- Gathering Planned Burials Care for Disabled

Homo HabilisHomo Erectus Homo Sapien Neanderthal Homo Sapien Cro-Magnon Years BCE Mil1.6 Mil-30,000200,000-35,00040,000-8,000 Technological Innovations Crude Stone Tools Hand Axes & flaked stone tools Caves/pits used Animal Skins Fire controlled Spear Points Shelter built Skins Laced Knives, Chisels Bone Tools Fish Nets/Canoes Leather Clothing Sun-Dried Pottery Social Behaviors Limited Speech Food Gathering & Scavenging Language Nomadic Hunting- Gathering Planned Burials Care for Disabled

Homo HabilisHomo ErectusHomo Sapien Neanderthal Homo Sapien Cro-Magnon Years BCE Mil1.6 Mil-30,000200,000-35,00040,000-8,000 Technological Innovations Crude Stone Tools Hand Axes & flaked stone tools Caves/pits used Animal Skins Fire controlled Spear Points Shelter built Skins Laced Knives, Chisels Bone Tools Fish Nets/Canoes Leather Clothing Sun-Dried Pottery Social Behaviors Limited Speech Food Gathering & Scavenging Language Nomadic Hunting- Gathering Planned Burials Care for Disabled Coop. Big- Game Hunts Status Burials Magical Rituals – Religion?

The Stone Age Stone = Lithic

What is the Stone Age? Prehistoric Period Hominids Able to Invent tools Master fire Develop Language Prehistory = Time Before Writing Broken into 2 periods Paleolithic = Old Stone Age Neolithic – New Stone Age

Paleolithic Age Begins at end of Ice Age 2.5 Mil – 8,000 BCE Hunter-Gatherers

Neolithic Age AKA – the Agricultural Revolution 8,000 BCE Nomadic Lifestyle Ends…Settlements Begin Earliest Sites Jericho – Eastern Turkey Çatal Hüyük – Turkey Aleppo - Syria

Neolithic Age Agricultural Revolution Domestication = Taming of wild animals/plants for human consumption.

Neolithic Age Slash & Burn Farming 1 st Agricultural improvement Trees/Grasses cut & burned Ashes fertilize soil Trees/Shrubs renewed

Characteristics of Stone Age Paleolithic Nomadic First Tools Make Fire Clans Oral Language Neolithic Developed Agriculture Domestication Plants Animals Advanced Tools Pottery Weaving Skills

Essential Knowledge 9. What 2 Time periods make up the Stone Age? 10. What important development preceded the Neolithic Age? 11. Define Domestication. 12. What type of farming developed during the New Stone Age?

Neolithic Art Primarily Found in Caves Used for Communication Most Famous – Caves of Lascaux in France

Neolithic Architecture Stonehenge Found in England Began during Neolithic Age; finished during Bronze Age No known reason for its existence Theories Temple/Altar Monument Calendar Alien Structure?????

Patterns of Living: Paleolithic Period to the Neolithic Period LifestyleAdvantagesDisadvantages PaleolithicHunting/Gathering Animals/Plants = Food Migration Family/Tribal Groups Neolithic

Patterns of Living: Paleolithic Period to the Neolithic Period LifestyleAdvantagesDisadvantages PaleolithicHunting/Gathering Animals/Plants = Food Migration Family/Tribal Groups NeolithicSettled Communities Raise Animals Plant Seeds/Raise Crops Permanent Communities

Patterns of Living: Paleolithic Period to the Neolithic Period LifestyleAdvantagesDisadvantages PaleolithicHunting/Gathering Animals/Plants = Food Migration Family/Tribal Groups Land Supplies Needs Movement Easier – less to transport Cooperation – Language Skills develop Weapons/Tools develop NeolithicSettled Communities Raise Animals Plant Seeds/Raise Crops Permanent Communities

Patterns of Living: Paleolithic Period to the Neolithic Period LifestyleAdvantagesDisadvantages PaleolithicHunting/Gathering Animals/Plants = Food Migration Family/Tribal Groups Land Supplies Needs Movement Easier – less to transport Cooperation – Language Skills develop Weapons/Tools develop NeolithicSettled Communities Raise Animals Plant Seeds/Raise Crops Permanent Communities Reliable Food Supply Population Grows Complex Societies Trade Increases- Commerce Develops Division of Labor Specialization of Labor

Patterns of Living: Paleolithic Period to the Neolithic Period LifestyleAdvantagesDisadvantages PaleolithicHunting/Gathering Animals/Plants = Food Migration Family/Tribal Groups Land Supplies Needs Movement Easier – less to transport Cooperation – Language Skills develop Weapons/Tools develop Always searching for food Difficult to store food Only simple organization possible NeolithicSettled Communities Raise Animals Plant Seeds/Raise Crops Permanent Communities Reliable Food Supply Population Grows Complex Societies Trade Increases- Commerce Develops Division of Labor Specialization of Labor

Patterns of Living: Paleolithic Period to the Neolithic Period LifestyleAdvantagesDisadvantages PaleolithicHunting/Gathering Animals/Plants = Food Migration Family/Tribal Groups Land Supplies Needs Movement Easier – less to transport Cooperation – Language Skills develop Weapons/Tools develop Always searching for food Difficult to store food Only simple organization possible NeolithicSettled Communities Raise Animals Plant Seeds/Raise Crops Permanent Communities Reliable Food Supply Population Grows Complex Societies Trade Increases- Commerce Develops Division of Labor Specialization of Labor Crops can fail Floods, Fire, Raids can destroy villages Disease spreads easily