1. CLASSIC PHOTO ALBUM

2. Archaeologists : learn about people by studying traces of early settlement such as bones and artifacts (jewelry, clothes, tools). Anthropologists: study culture and re-create a picture of early people’s cultural behavior. Paleontologists: study fossils (teeth, skulls, other bones) to date their remains. *work as a team to date ancient remains, rocks and learn more about how prehistoric people lived.

4. The Beginning of Time o Universe begins with the “Big Bang” o Life begins in Africa o Other theories… Hominids: all types of early humans that walk upright – Australopithecines – earliest type of hominid. Lived 4-1 million years ago. 3 to 5 feet tall. 1/3 of our brain size First to walk upright…why? –Travel distances, spot threats, had opposable thumb o David Johannson and Mary Leakey “Lucy” female skeleton found in Ethiopia, 3.5 million years old

6. First Humans (cont’d) o Homo habilis: man of skill, found tools made of rock o Beginning of the stone age a.k.a. Paleolithic Age o Also the Ice Age, temperature much cooler, glaciers advance and retreat 18 times o Homo erectus: more skillful hunters, invented better tools for digging. o Found in Africa, Asia & Europe. First to use fire & create a spoken language

8. o Homo sapiens are modern humans and it means ‘wise men’ 1.Neanderthal: first to have religious beliefs & rituals 2.Cro-Magnons: Identical skeletal remains to modern humans 1.Planned hunts, advanced language, survived winters & replace Neanderthals *In each development the brain capacity increases – see page 9 Homo Sapiens

9. Otzi The Ice Man – Frozen in ice for 5,000 years  Discovered in 1991 by German hikers in the Alps  5’2” 130 lbs, 45 yrs old  Grain & wild goat meat found in his intestine  Was in a battle with 4 others, killed by arrow  See page 15 Toumai: “Hope for Life”  Found in Chad in 2002, earliest ancestor discovered  6-7 million years old  See page 11 Recent Discoveries

11. Nomads Highly mobile, moved places searching for new food sources Called hunter-gatherers because their food supply depends on hunting animals & collecting plant foods Men hunt, women gather berries & grasses Over 100 tools to catch, kill, carve animals and make clothes Human Advances

12. Agricultural revolution significance Change in climate with higher temps makes it possible (p. 17) Now a sustainable food source for humans Rich grain supply leads to population boom Occurs in Africa, China, Mexico, Peru (p. 16) Birthplace in Jarmo, Zagros Mtns (modern Iraq) Slash & burn farming Burnt trees & grasses fertilizes the soil Domestication of animals: train them & use them for steady food sources Painting, pottery, weaving, jewelry, mirrors and knives from volcanic rock Neolithic Revolution

13. -First Civilization develops in Sumer, Mesopotamia (Iraq) -Ushers in the bronze age use of bronze, not copper or stone, for tools & weapons -Civilization defined as: 1.Advanced cities 2.Specialized workers 3.Complex institutions 4.Record keeping 5.Advanced technology Villages grow into cities