NSDAP ideology. The early years and the Munich Putsch.

Connector What do you associate with this symbol?

Outcomes To know the timeline of the early years of the NSDAP To know the ideology of the NSDAP To know the early years of activity of the NSDAP

Myths The Nazi’s were not fouded by Hitler The Nazi’s were not necessarily a right wing party The Nazi’s ideas were not new The Nazi’s ideology is not always seen as a coherent set of ideas but a melting pot of what was suitable at the time

Time line German Workers Party founded (DAP) by Anton Drexler (Deutsch Abieter Party) point programme agreed, outlining the Nazi ideology by Hitler and Drexler, name changed to National Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP) 1923 November- Munich Beer Hall Putsch in Munich Hitler sent to Landsberg prison Feb- NSDAP-reformed in Munich 1926-Feb- Hitler leadership established over Drexler Reichstag election result

Hitler’s ideas after WW1 Enthusiastic German nationalism Support of an authoritarian government and opposition to a democracy and socialism A racially inspired view of society which exhibited itself most beliefs of anti- Semitism and the belief of the master Volk race (social Darwinism)

German Workers Party This sounds socialist but was not Established by Anton Drexler in 1919 It was committed to anti Semitism and nationalism and anti-capitalist The ideas appealed to Hitler and he joined, becoming one of its best orators and energetically organising propaganda- the symbols, the uniform, the salute By 1921 he was the driving force behind the party By now the membership had risen to 3300 and had organised the formation of armed squads to protect party meetings – (Sturm Abteilung- or SA) and also to intimidate opposition. Wore brown shirts. Not part of army but paramilitary

25 Point Programme Drawn up by Drexler and Hitler in 1920 Read it here

Hitler vs Drexler By now Drexler was becoming alarmed at Hilter’s dominance of the party and tried to limit his political influence Now Hitler showed his political skills and ability to gamble, so he offered to resign In two meetings in July 1921 he quickly gained support and Drexler resigned leaving Hitler gloriously triumphant

Consolidation of power He was further strengthened his position by increasing the role of the SA and RohmRohm He established the party’s first newspaper the Volkischer Beobachter (People’s Observer) By 1922 he had the backing of Julius Streicher who published an anti- semetic newspaper- Der Sturmer He also gained the support of the influencial Herman Goring who joined in He born into a landowning Bavarian family and gave Hitler influence in Munich (and respectability) By 1923 the NSDAP had a membership of 1923, but was still one of the many fringe right wing organisations spread across German, with its influence limited to Bavaria

Beer Hall Putsch Mussolini successfully overtook Italy in 1922 by marching on Rome, so combined with the problems in Germany Hitler believed he could do the same But the Nazi’s were too weak to do this on their own so they required allies- such as Kahr in Bavaria and Lossow in the Bavarian army They aimed a march on Berlin using all the armed forces from Bavaria-police, army, SA However this plan was doomed –There was little support in Weimar for a putsch –It lacked real planning –It relied on support from Ludendorff too much –Kahr and Lossow pulled out at the last minute

8 th November Hitler was addressing a crowd in one of Munich beer halls when he declared a national revolution and forced Lossow and Kahr to support it The next day Goring, Streicher, Rohm, Himmler and Ludenfdorff marched into Munich with 2000 SA men but with no real military backing and tried totake over Munich This was crushed by the police and 14 Nazi’s killed and Hitler put on trial

Consequences He turned the trial into a propaganda success and evoked patriotism and nationalism He won the respect of many other right wing parties for having the courage to act He received a sentence of 5 years reduced to 10 months which seemed to endorse his acts by the judicary He used his months in prison to write a book called Mein Kampf which outlined his ideas He decided that if he was to seize power it would have to be legitimatly

Task 1 Find out what happened during the Munich Beer Hall Putsch –Read page 115/116 of classbook –Add notes to your notes

Ideology “Was Nazism an original German ideology?” –Racism –Anti-democracy –Nationalism

Homework “Was Nazism an original German ideology?”