What is Psychology?  A set of questions about mental functioning –trace back to philosophy  The scientific method  A product of history –Dualism in.

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What is Psychology?  A set of questions about mental functioning –trace back to philosophy  The scientific method  A product of history –Dualism in philosophy

The BIG Question… Is knowledge innate ?  Empiricism  Empiricism- ( John Locke)- Tabula Rasa ( John Locke)- Tabula Rasa  Nativism  Nativism- is the view that elementary ideas are innate

Foundations of Modern Psychology  Rene Descartes ( )  How is man different from other animals? Our minds control our body Our minds control our body ( except reflex) ( except reflex)  Charles Darwin ( )  Theory of natural selection (1859)

Ignorance more frequently begets confidence than does knowledge I think; therefore I am. Charles Darwin Rene Descartes

A New Science is Born  Separated from philosophy in 19th century Wilhelm Wundt ( ) –Leipzig, Germany –applied laboratory techniques to study of the mind –Developed theory of Structuralism -Mind combines objective sensation & subjective emotion

The Battle Begins  Edward Titchener ( ) –Wundt’s student, professor at Cornell University –structuralism –-Wrote first Psychology Textbook  William James ( ) –started psychology at Harvard in 1870s –functionalism –investigate purpose of consciousness led to behaviorism

I If merely 'feeling good' could decide, drunkenness would be the supremely valid human experience." What can I say???? William James Edward Tichener

Behaviorism Debuts  Behaviorism- asserts that psychology should only study behavior that is observable (scientific)  Emphasis on environment  Ivan Pavlov ( ) –Russian physiologist –discovered conditioned reflexes John Watson( ) John Watson( )

While you are experimenting, do not remain content with the surface of things. Ivan Pavlov

Freud & Unconscious  Psychoanalytic Theory= emphasis on the unconscious as a behavior determinant Eros & Thanatos Eros & Thanatos -Originally controversial

Dreams are often most profound when they seem the most crazy.

Behaviorism Flourishes  B.F. Skinner ( ) –American psychologist at Harvard –studied learning and effect of reinforcement –behaviorism –Free Will is an illusion –Prominence in 1950’s

Education is what survives when what has been learned has been forgotten. B. F. Skinner

The Humanists Revolt  Humanism- Human beings have freedom and endless growth potential  Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow

The curious paradox is that when I accept myself just as I am, then I can change Carl Rogers

Cognition and Physiology Resurface  In the 1960’s and 70’s emphasis on mental processes ( consciousness) and biological basis of behavior reemerged.  MRI- PET Scan, EEG

Evolutionary Psych Develops  In the 1980’s and 90’s Darwin's ideas resurfaced