2. Support- framework that supports body and cradles its soft organs Protection- for delicate organs, heart, lungs, brain Movement- bones act as levers for muscles Mineral storage- calcium & phosphate Blood cell formation- hematopoiesis

3. Long Bones- metacarples, metatarsals, phelangies, humerus, ulna, radius, tibia, fibula Short Bones- carpals, tarsals Flat Bones- rib, scapula, skull, sternum Irregular Bones- vertebrae, some facial bones Sesamoid- patella

5. Distal epiphysis Proximal epiphysis diaphysis yellow marrow epiphyseal line periosteum compact bone spongy bone Endosteum hyaline cartilage Sharpey’s fibers

10. Warm and moisten air Lighten the skull Enhance voice resonance Frontal Sinus Ethmoid Sinus Sphenoid Sinus Maxillary Sinus

11. Cervical Vertebrae (7) Thoracic Vertebrae (12) Lumbar Vertberae (5) Sacrum Coccyx Cervical Vertebrae (7) Thoracic Vertebrae (12) Lumbar Vertberae (5) Sacrum Coccyx The Vertebral Column

12. Sternum True Ribs (7) False Ribs (3) Floating Ribs (2) Sternum True Ribs (7) False Ribs (3) Floating Ribs (2) The Thoracic Cage

13. Sacrum & Coccyx

14. Bones of the Pectoral Girdle

15. Humerus Ulna Radius 8 Carpals 14 Phalanges 5 Metacarpals

19. Pelvis Hips/Pelvis

20. Patella The Lower Limb (Legs) Femur Tibia Fibula 5 Metatarsals 14 Phalanges 7 Tarsals

24. metatarsals phelangies tarsals metatarsals phelangies tarsals

25. Immovable Joints (synarthrosis) suture pubis symphisis

26. Slightly Movable Joint (ampharthrosis)

27. femur ligaments pelvis (diarthrosis)- freely moveable

28. Abduction Extension Rotation Flexion Adduction Synovial Joint Movement

29. Osteoblast Osteocyte Osteoclast Eats bone Builds new bone Mature bone cell

31. hematoma callus bony callus bone remodeling

32. Diseases of the Skeletal System: Osteoporosis- bone reabsorption outpaces bone deposit; bones become lighter and fracture easier Factors: age, gender (more in women) estrogen and testosterone decrease insufficient exercise (or too much) diet poor in Ca ++ and protein abnormal vitamin D receptors smoking

33. Osteoporosis 29 40 84 92

34. Rickets- vitamin D deficiency Osteomalacia- soft bones, inadequate mineralization in bones, lack of vitamin D Pagets Disease- spotty weakening in the bones, excessive and abnormal bone remodeling Rheumatoid arthritis- autoimmune reaction Diseases of the Skeletal System: