2. Support- framework that supports body and cradles its soft organs Protection- for delicate organs, heart, lungs, brain Movement- bones act as levers for muscles Mineral storage- calcium & phosphate Blood cell formation- hematopoiesis

3. Long Bones- metacarples, metatarsals, phelangies, humerus, ulna, radius, tibia, fibula Short Bones- carpals, tarsals Flat Bones- rib, scapula, skull, sternum Irregular Bones- vertebrae, some facial bones Sesamoid- patella

5. Location Vocabulary b b Superior - toward the head b b Inferior - away from the head b b Anterior - the front of the body or body part b b Posterior - the back of the body or body part b b Medial - toward the midline that divides left and right b b Lateral - to the side away from the midline b b Proximal - closer to the torso b b Distal - farther away from the torso

8. Cervical Vertebrae (7) Thoracic Vertebrae (12) Lumbar Vertberae (5) Cervical Vertebrae (7) Thoracic Vertebrae (12) Lumbar Vertberae (5) The Vertebral Column

9. Sternum True Ribs (7) False Ribs (3) Floating Ribs (2) Sternum True Ribs (7) False Ribs (3) Floating Ribs (2) The Thoracic Cage

10. Bones of the Pectoral Girdle

11. Humerus Ulna Radius Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges Humerus Ulna Radius Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges The Upper Limb (Forelimb)

13. Femur Patella Tibia Fibula Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges Femur Patella Tibia Fibula Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges The Lower Limb (Legs) Pelvic Girdle

14. metatarsals phelangies tarsals metatarsals phelangies tarsals

15. Diseases of the Skeletal System: Osteoporosis- bones become lighter and fracture easier Factors: age, gender (more in women) estrogen and testosterone decrease insufficient exercise (or too much) diet poor in Ca ++ and protein abnormal vitamin D receptors smoking

16. Osteoporosis 29 40 84 92

17. Rickets- vitamin D deficiency Osteomalacia- soft bones, inadequate mineralization in bones, lack of vitamin D Pagets Disease- spotty weakening in the bones, excessive and abnormal bone remodeling Rheumatoid arthritis- inflammation of the joints and surrounding tissues Diseases of the Skeletal System:

18. Model Skeleton - Cut out pieces and glue together - May need to trace and cut out limbs duplicated (Legs, Arms, Hands, Feet…) - Label all the parts from your notes - Personalize: Give him/her name, accessories