1. DURAL VENOUS SINUSES
4/27/2017
Lufukuja G.

2. The venous sinuses…
The venous sinuses of the cranial cavity are blood-filled spaces situated between the layers of the dura mater they are lined by endothelium. Their walls are thick and composed of fibrous tissue; they have no muscular tissue. The sinuses have no valves.
Absorb the C.S.F through the arachnoid granulation tissue & Receive blood from valveless emissary veins
4/27/2017
Lufukuja G.

3. Classification of Dural sinuses:
The venous sinuses are classified into paired and unpaired groups:
Unpaired sinuses:
Superior sagittal sinus
Inferior sagittal sinus
Straight sinus
Occipital sinus
Anterior intercavernous sinus
Posterior intercavernous sinus
Basilar venous plexus
4/27/2017
Lufukuja G.

4. Paired sinuses: Transverse Sigmoid sinus Cavernous sinus
Superior petrosal sinus
Inferior petrosal sinus
Spheno-parietal sinus
Petro-squamous
Middle meningeal
4/27/2017
Lufukuja G.

5. Superior sagittal sinus
The superior sagittal sinus lies in the upper fixed border of the falx cerebri. It runs backward and becomes continuous with the right transverse sinus.
The sinus communicates on each side with the venous lacunae. Numerous arachnoid villi and granulations project into the lacunae. The superior sagittal sinus receives the superior cerebral veins.
On rare occasion it receives a vein from nasal cavity through patent foramen caecum
4/27/2017
Lufukuja G.

6. Superior sagittal sinus…
4/27/2017
Lufukuja G.

7. Applied anatomy:
Thrombosis of the superior sagittal sinus may take place due to spread of infection from the nose, scalp and diploic tissue
4/27/2017
Lufukuja G.

8. The inferior sagittal sinus
The inferior sagittal sinus lies in the free lower margin of the falx cerebri. It runs backward and joins the great cerebral vein to form the straight sinus. It receives cerebral veins from the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere
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Lufukuja G.

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10. The straight sinus
The straight sinus, also known as tentorial sinusi it receives blood from the superior cerebellar veins and inferior sagittal sinus and drains into the confluence of sinuses
4/27/2017
Lufukuja G.

11. The transverse sinuses
The transverse sinuses (left and right lateral sinuses), within the human head, are two areas beneath the brain which allow blood to drain from the back of the head.
They run laterally in a groove along the interior surface of the occipital bone. They drain from the confluence of sinuses (by the internal occipital protuberance) to the sigmoid sinuses, which ultimately connect to the internal jugular vein.
4/27/2017
Lufukuja G.

12. The sigmoid sinuses Applied anatomy:
The sigmoid sinuses, also known as the pars sigmoid, are venous sinuses within the skull that receive blood from posterior dural venous sinus veins.
Each sinus turns downward behind the mastoid antrum of the temporal bone and then leaves the skull through the jugular foramen to become the internal jugular vein
Applied anatomy:
Thrombosis of sigmoid sinus may take place from the infected middle ear or mastoid antrum
4/27/2017
Lufukuja G.

13. The occipital sinus
The occipital sinus lies in the attached margin of the falx cerebelli. It communicates with the vertebral veins through the foramen magnum and the transverse sinuses
4/27/2017
Lufukuja G.

14. The cavernous sinus
Each cavernous sinus lies on the lateral side of the body of the sphenoid bone. Anteriorly, the sinus receives the inferior ophthalmic vein and the central vein of the retina. The sinus drains posteriorly into the transverse sinus through the superior petrosal sinus. Intercavernous sinuses connect the two cavernous sinuses through the sella turcica
Important Structures Associated With the Cavernous Sinuses :The internal carotid artery and the sixth cranial nerve, which travel through it
In the lateral wall, the third and fourth cranial nerves, and the ophthalmic and maxillary divisions of the fifth cranial nerve. The pituitary gland, which lies medially in the sella turcica.
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Lufukuja G.

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17. Anterior and posterior intercavernous sinus:
Each sinus traverse respectively along the anterior and posterior attached margin of diaphragma sellae and connects the cavernous sinus of both side
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Lufukuja G.

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Lufukuja G.

19. Basilar venous plexus:
It is a plexiform venous network and lies on the clivus of the skull
4/27/2017
Lufukuja G.

20. Applied anatomy:
The veins of the face, which are connected with the cavernous sinus via the facial vein and inferior ophthalmic vein, and are an important route for the spread of infection from the face
The superior and inferior petrosal sinuses, which run along the upper and lower borders of the petrous part of the temporal bone
4/27/2017
Lufukuja G.

21. Superior petrosal sinus sinus:
Conveys the blood from the cavernous sinus to the transverse sinuses
It is situated in lateral attached border of tentorium cerebelli
Tributaries:
Inferior cerebral veins
Some cerebellar veins
Veins from the tympanic cavity
4/27/2017
Lufukuja G.

22. Inferior petrosal sinus:
Drains the blood from cavernous sinus into the superior bulb of internal jugular vein
Tributaries:
Labyrinthine veins from the cochlear cannaliculi and aqueduct of vestibule
Veins from the medulla, pons and cerebellum
4/27/2017
Lufukuja G.

23. Applied anatomy:
Thrombosis of inferior petrosal sinus may occur from the infection of middle and internal ear, with ipsilateral involvement of trigeminal and abducent nerves
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Lufukuja G.

24. The skull & foramina
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28. Cranial foramina
The human skull has numerous holes (foramina) through which cranial nerves, arteries, veins and other structures pass.
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29. Cranial foramina… Frontal bone - supraorbital foramen
supraorbital artery,
supraorbital vein
supraorbital nerve
foramen cecum
emissary veins to superior sagittal sinus
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30. Cranial foramina… Ethmoid bone - foramina of cribriform plate –
olfactory nerve bundles (I)
anterior ethmoidal foramen
anterior ethmoidal artery
anterior ethmoidal vein
anterior ethmoidal nerve
posterior ethmoidal foramen
posterior ethmoidal artery
posterior ethmoidal vein
posterior ethmoidal nerve
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31. Cranial foramina… Optic canal Ophthalmic artery optic nerve (II)
superior orbital fissure
superior ophthalmic vein
oculomotor nerve (III)
trochlear nerve (IV)
lacrimal, frontal and nasociliary branches of ophthalmic nerve (V1)
abducent nerve (VI) sphenoid middle cranial fossa
foramen rotundum - maxillary nerve (V2) maxilla
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32. Cranial foramina… Incisive foramen/incisive canal
sphenopalatine artery
nasopalatine nerve(V2) palatine
greater palatine foramen
greater palatine artery
greater palatine vein
greater palatine nerve palatine
lesser palatine foramina
lesser palatine artery
lesser palatine vein
lesser palatine nerve sphenoid and maxilla
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33. Cranial foramina… Inferior orbital fissure inferior ophthalmic veins
infraorbital artery
infraorbital vein
zygomatic nerve and infraorbital nerve of maxillary nerve (V2) orbital branches of pterygopalatine ganglion
Infraorbital foramen
infraorbital nerve
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34. Cranial foramina… foramen ovale mandibular nerve
accessory meningeal artery (V3)
lesser petrosal nerve (occasionally)
foramen spinosum
middle meningeal artery
meningeal branch of the mandibular nerve (V3)
foramen lacerum
artery of pterygoid canal
nerve of pterygoid canal
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35. Cranial foramina… Internal acoustic meatus labyrinthine artery
facial nerve (VII),
vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)
Jugular foramen
internal jugular vein,
inferior petrosal sinus,
sigmoid sinus
glossopharyngeal nerve (IX),
vagus nerve (X),
accessory nerve (XI)
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36. Cranial foramina… Hypoglossal canal – hypoglossal nerve (XII)
Foramen magnum
anterior and posterior spinal arteries,
vertebral arteries
medulla oblongata,
ascending spinal fibers of accessory nerve (XI)
Stylomastoid foramen
stylomastoid artery facial nerve (VII)
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47. Thanks
4/27/2017
Lufukuja G.