1. AP Biology 2 Chapter 5 The Structure and Function of Macromolecules

2. 4 Macromolecules of Living Organisms  4 types covered Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Lipids Lipids Proteins Proteins Nucleic acids Nucleic acids

3. Polymers  Polymers are made from monomers  Only about 40-50 monomers  Polymerization reactions link monomers to make polymers http://occawlonline.pearsoned.com/bookbind/pubbooks/campbell6e_awl/chapter5/deluxe.html

4. Dehydration and Hydrolysis of Polymers

5. Carbohydrates  Made of monosaccharides  C H 2 O  *Glucose *  Skeletons vary from 3-7 carbons

6. ? Geometric Isomers ? Structural Isomer

7. Carbs cont.  Disaccharides  Maltose  Lactose  Sucrose  Formation of Disaccharides Formation of Disaccharides Formation of Disaccharides

8. Carbs cont.  Polysaccharides  Storage (hydrolyzed to provide sugar) Starch – plant storage in plastids, like chloroplasts Starch – plant storage in plastids, like chloroplasts Glycogen – animal storage in liver and muscle cells, depletes daily Glycogen – animal storage in liver and muscle cells, depletes daily  Structural Cellulose (plants) and Chitin (arthropods and fungi) used to make cell walls and exoskeletons Cellulose (plants) and Chitin (arthropods and fungi) used to make cell walls and exoskeletons

9. Lipids  Made of glycerol and fatty acids  Hydrophobic (non polar C-H bonds) (non polar C-H bonds)  Saturated vs. unsaturated No double bonds – saturated with H No double bonds – saturated with H  Functions of lipids Temp. regulation, energy storage Temp. regulation, energy storage cushion vital organs cushion vital organs  Fats  Phospholipids Hydrophobic head and hydrophilic tail Hydrophobic head and hydrophilic tail Major component of cell membranes Major component of cell membranes  Steroids 4 fused Carbon rings with functional groups 4 fused Carbon rings with functional groups Cholesterol – component of animal cell membranes, precursor to steroids, can cause artherosclerosis Cholesterol – component of animal cell membranes, precursor to steroids, can cause artherosclerosis

11. Proteins  Amino acids  Functions  Polypeptides  Primary  Secondary  Tertiary  Quartenary  Denaturation

12. Amino Acids

13. Structure

14. TertiaryTertiary And Quaternary Quaternary TertiaryQuaternary

16. Improper Structure

17. Nucleic Acids  DNA  RNA  Nucleotides  Pyrimidine  Purine