1. Barry Williams1 Assessing Needs to Identify Instructional Goal(s) Chapter 2: Dick & Carey

2. Barry Williams2 Background Needs Assessments = NAs Nas thought to be the most critical part of the I.D. process NAs used to identify instructional goals

3. Barry Williams3 Needs Assessments (NAs) are used to identify instructional goals (review)

4. Barry Williams4 NAs are: Used to identify the nature of the organizational problem Used to solve an problem existing –actuals –optiomals –feelings –causes –solutions

5. Barry Williams5 Methods used to identify goals SME (Subject Matter Expert) PT (Performance Technology)

6. Barry Williams6 SMEs 1. Teach how they were taught 2. Teach what they were taught 3. Try to improve on number 2 4. Tend to emphasize communication of information from trainer to student

7. Barry Williams7 PTs Goals set in response to problems No preconceived notion of: – what will be included in the instructional package –what training is needed IDers works with those in charge of quality & productivity goals

8. Barry Williams8 Instructional goals defined Defined as: What you want the learner to be able to do after training (instruction) –Derived from: a needs assessment a list of goals practical experiences an analysis of someone doing the job (task analysis) Are rather broad indications of the problem to be solved A goal analysis is then used to find a more refined statement(s) that focus on what the learner will be able to do

9. Barry Williams9 Instructional goals are stated in terms of: Skills Knowledge Attitudes

10. Barry Williams10 Instructional goals use action verbs “Will solve...” “Will blind rivet” “Will apply...”

11. Barry Williams11 “Good”instructional goals Describe the problem precisely Determine how to solve it efficiently & effectively Save $$$$$$$$ when instruction is found not to be needed or is misplaced

12. Barry Williams12 Examples of “Fuzzy” Instructional Goals Appreciating handmade furniture Sensing good paintings Being aware of how to make hot cakes

13. Barry Williams13 How to Clarify a Fuzzy Goal 1. Write it down 2. Brainstorm to identify the behaviors learners would demonstrate to reflect their achievement of the goal 3. Select those behaviors that best represent the goal 4. Select indicators of the behavior 5. Incorporate each indicator into a statement that describes what the learner will do 6. Evaluate the resulting statement for its clarity and relationship to the original fuzzy notion

14. Barry Williams14 Clarifying a Fuzzy Goal -- Example Original goal:Personnel will know the value of courteous, friendly service.

15. Barry Williams15 Clarifying a Fuzzy Goal (continued) Revised Version: Personnel will demonstrate courteous, friendly behavior while greeting customers, transacting business, and concluding transactions

16. Barry Williams16 Clarifying a Fuzzy Goal (continued Final goal: Personnel will demonstrate courteous, friendly behavior while greeting customers, transacting business, and concluding transactions by initiating conversations, personalizing comments, focusing attention, assisting with forms, and concluding with a “thanks” and a wish for the customer’s well-being

17. Barry Williams17 Summary Needs Assessments are used to determine instructional goals Using SMEs to develop goals may cause problems Most new goals are “fuzzy” Fuzzy goals can be rewritten