1. Barry Williams1 Writing Objectives Dick & Carey Chp. 6

2. Barry Williams2 Background - Performance Objectives Robert Mager’s behavioral objectives –began in the 60’s –precise, clear statements of what students should be able to do at the end of instruction Problems with behavioral objectives –formulated in isolation –seldom used

3. Barry Williams3 Terminology

4. 4 Synonyms for Performance Objectives Behavioral Objectives Instructional Objectives

5. Barry Williams5 Components of Performance Objective 1. Skill or behavior what the learner will be able to do Example: “Add two, three-digit, positive numbers”

6. Barry Williams6 Components of Performance Objective 2. Conditions –tools the learner will use Example: “Using a calculator”

7. Barry Williams7 Components of Performance Objective 3. Criteria –used to evaluate the learner Example: “In four out of five number problems”

8. Barry Williams8 Source of the Skills or Behaviors Derived from the sub- skills under the instructional analysis steps –The test: Ask, “Can I observe the learner doing this?”(skill) If precise, the sub skills don’t need to be modified  Some Intellectual Skills Verbs are: – discriminate – identify – classify – demonstrate – generate

9. Barry Williams9 Types of Behaviors 1. Intellectual & verbal skills describe the skill & the intent 2. Psychomotor skills specified by verbs like: jogging, painting, brushing, etc. 3.Attitudinal skills –choosing between options

10. Barry Williams10 The “A, B, C and Ds” of Behavioral Objectives Audience –Who is your target group? Behavior –An observable action Condition –Tools or skills they will need Degree –Level of acceptable performance

11. Barry Williams11 Conditions 1. Give the cue needed for the learner to search LTM for the answer –write, name, select, list 2. Includes – resource materials / tools

12. Barry Williams12 Conditions ( cont’d ) 3. Control the complexity of the task to match the audience level Two examples: –Given three sockets, pick the hex socket (audience: beginning mechanics) –Given a 1500-piece toolbox, select the metric 3/8 drive thin-wall, 8 mm. impact socket (audience: master mechanics)

13. Barry Williams13 Criteria (Degree) includes What behavior is acceptable or The limits of acceptable behavior –limits include: single answer a range checklist (psychomotor) tally or anecdotal record (attitudinal)

14. Barry Williams14 Steps in Writing Objectives Summary 1.Edit goal to reflect performance 2.Write terminal objective to reflect context of learning environment the instructional area, the workplace, and the audience 3. Write objectives for each step in the goal analysis that have no sub steps 4. Write objectives that reflect the sub steps or write objectives for the subs steps 5.Write objectives for all subordinate skills 6. Write objectives for entry behaviors if needed

15. Barry Williams15 Summary Background of behavior objectives Synonyms for Performance Objectives Components of Performance Objective –A,B,C,D Steps in Writing Objectives