1. BIOSPHERE Chapter 3 REVIEW

2. List the 6 levels of organization that ecologists study from smallest to largest
Organisms →
Populations →
Ecosystems →
Communities →
Biomes →
BIOSPHERE

3. Competition Predation Cooperation Symbiosis
Name 4 ways organisms in an ecosystem interact with each other
Competition Predation
Cooperation
Symbiosis

4. Another name for autotrophs
All the organisms that live in a place
PLUS their non-living environment
ecosystem
Another name for autotrophs
producers

5. sharing care of offspring, group defense against predators
Give an example of cooperation
Grooming, sharing food,
sharing care of offspring, group defense against predators
group hunting; care for sick/injured
Tell the two ways AUTOtrophs get
their energy
Chemosynthesis & photosynthesis

6. The portion of the Earth in which all life exists
biosphere
Make a food chain out of the following:
herbivore omnivore autotroph
autotroph → herbivore → omnivore

7. WHICH ORGANISMS are responsible for removing nitrogen from and returning nitrogen to the atmosphere?
BACTERIA in soil
The process of taking nitrogen from the atmosphere and changing it into a form plants can use is called ______________________
The process of converting soil nitrogen back into atmospheric form is called _______________________
NITROGEN FIXATION
DENITRIFICATION

8. Energy moves through ecosystems in ______________
food chains/webs biogeochemical cycles
Food chains/webs
Which of these is a decomposer?
↑ Fungi and SOME bacteria are decomposers

9. Organism that eats both plants and meat omnivore
Process in which water from plant
leaves evaporates into the atmosphere
transpiration

10. Which biogeochemical cycle does NOT involve a stage where the chemical
How does the way matter flows through an ecosystem differ from the way that energy flows?
Energy is passed in one-way direction through
the biotic (living organisms) in an ecosystem.
Matter cycles within and between biotic and
abiotic parts of an ecosystem.
Which biogeochemical cycle does NOT
involve a stage where the chemical
enters the atmosphere?
phosphorus

11. Nutrient which is scare or cycles slowly
Process in which bacteria convert nitrates
into nitrogen gas and release it into the
atmosphere
denitrification
Nutrient which is scare or cycles slowly
that controls population growth
Limiting nutrient

12. Which group of organisms is always found in the first trophic level of
Give an example of a decomposer
Bacteria or fungi
(break down organic material and absorb the nutrients)
Which group of organisms is always
found in the first trophic level of
every food chain or web?
Autotrophs or producers

13. Give an example of an ABIOTIC factor
Why is only about 10% of the energy in an organism transferred in a food chain?
Some is used by organism for life processes such as movement, transport, metabolism, growth, reproduction, and rest is lost as HEAT
Give an example of an ABIOTIC factor
Climate, temperature, precipitation, wind, soil type, water availability, sunlight

14. Food, water, shelter, territory, light
Give an example of a RESOURCE
Food, water, shelter, territory, light
Another name for autotrophs
producers

15. Heterotroph that obtains energy by
Who is it?
Heterotroph that obtains energy by
eating only plants ___________________
Heterotroph that eats both plants and animals _____________________
Heterotroph that breaks down organic
matter (Ex: Fungi & bacteria) __________________
Heterotroph that feed on dead plants and animal remains (EX:Crabs & worms) ___________________
Heterotroph that eats only meat ___________________
HERBIVORE
OMNIVORE
DECOMPOSER
DETRITIVORE
CARNIVORE

16. How is a food web different from a food chain?
Food webs are made up of many food chains
Which of these is an herbivore?
↑ Zebras are herbivores

17. Tell two ways water returns to the atmosphere in the water cycle.
How is a symbiosis DIFFERENT from cooperation?
Cooperation is between organisms of same species;
Symbiosis is between different species of organisms
Tell two ways water returns to the
atmosphere in the water cycle.
Evaporation and transpiration

18. An organism that eats both meat and plants
omnivore
Name a limiting factor that could
cause a population to decrease
Competition- for food, shelter, territory
Predation
Disease/Parasitism
Drought/climate change
Human disturbance

19. Carbon cycles through the biosphere in all of the following EXCEPT:
Photosynthesis respiration transpiration decomposition
TRANSPIRATION moves
water in the water cycle
An organism that eats ONLY plants
herbivore

20. PUT THE FOLLOWING IN ORDER OF INCREASING COMPLEXITY
________________  ________________  ________________ 
ORGANISM ECOSYSTEM POPULATION
COMMUNITY BIOSPHERE BIOME
ORGANISM
POPULATION
COMMUNITY
ECOSYSTEM
BIOSPHERE
BIOME

21. The portion of the Earth in which all life exists
biosphere
Organism that captures and eats
another
predator

22. What is the difference between a BIOTIC and ABIOTIC factor?
Biotic factors are living;
Abiotic factors are the non-living
parts of an ecosystem
Which organisms are responsible for
nitrogen fixation in the nitrogen cycle?
Bacteria in soil

23. mutualism Symbiotic relationship in which
both organisms benefit from their close
association
mutualism
An “organism’s job” that includes what it eats,
what eats it, where in the habitat it lives, how it
acts, and when & how it reproduces?
niche

24. In the nitrogen cycle, bacteria living
Tell one way chemosynthesis is different from photosynthsis.
Photosynthesis Chemosynthesis Requires light Happens without light
Gets energy from Gets energy from
sunlight chemical bonds
In the nitrogen cycle, bacteria living
on the roots of plants turn nitrogen gas
from the atmosphere into _________.
ammonia

25. Energy moves through ecosystems in ________________.
Tell one way chemosynthesis and photosynthesis are ALIKE.
Both: Ways organisms get energy Use energy to make carbohydrates Happen in autotrophs
Energy moves through ecosystems in
________________.
biogeochemical cycles food chains/webs
food chains/webs

26. Another name for heterotrophs
A group of individuals that belong to the
same species that live together in an area
population
Another name for heterotrophs
consumers

27. Producers make up the first trophic level.
Which of the following is TRUE?
Producers make up the first trophic level.
Food chains are made by linking many food webs.
All the energy is passed from one trophic level to the next
Energy flows through the ecosystem in one direction from the sun to producers to consumers.
TRUE
FALSE: Food webs are made by linking food chains
F Only about 10% is passed on to the next level. Most is used for life processes or lost as heat
TRUE

28. Which of these is a carnivore?
Organisms that are able to take in energy from their environment and make their own carbohydrates are called ___________________________
autotrophs
Which of these is a carnivore?
↑ Lions are carnivores

29. Group of different populations that live together in an area
community
All the living things an ecosystem
that an organism might interact with
Biotic factors

30. This diagram shows a ____________
Which of the organisms above is:
a producer ? ______________
a consumer? _____________
How many trophic levels are shown?
food chain
BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006
algae
Zooplankton, fish, squid, shark 5

31. Chemical substance organisms need to sustain life
Principle that states no two organisms can share the same niche at the same time in the same place
Competitive exclusion principle
Chemical substance organisms need to sustain life
nutrient

32. An organism that is captured and eaten by another
Group of organisms so similar that they can breed and produce fertile offspring
species
An organism that is captured and
eaten by another
prey

33. Series of steps in which organisms
Process in which some bacteria use
energy stored in the chemical bonds
of inorganic compounds to make
carbohydrates in the absence of light
chemosynthesis
Series of steps in which organisms
transfer energy through an ecosystem
by eating and being eaten
Food chain

34. The scientific study of interactions between organisms and between
Symbiotic relationship in which one
organism benefits but the other is
neither harmed nor helped
commensalism
The scientific study of interactions
between organisms and between
organisms and their environment
ecology

35. This diagram is called a _______________ food web
What do you think would happen to the snake
population in this community if all the pine borer
bugs were killed by a virus?
A loss in pine borer bugs would decrease the populations of
salamanders and golden crested kinglets (food for the snake)
Loss of pine borers would eventually cause a decrease in the
snake population too.

36. Any necessity for life such as water, food, light, or space
resource
Relationship in which organisms attempt to use the same resource at the same time and place
competition

37. Look at the food
web shown.
What do you think will happen to the limpet population if all
the mussels are wiped out in an oil spill?
it will increase it will decrease it will stay the same; mussels
don’t connect to limpets in this web
Everything’s connected ! No mussels means crabs will eat more limpets; limpet population will decrease

38. Organism such as bacteria or fungi that break down organic matter
decomposers
Each step in a food chain or web
trophic level

39. Groups of different species that live together in an area make up a
__________________
community
Which of these is an omnivore?
↑ Most humans are omnivores

40. Cycle which includes an underground reservoir in the form of fossil fuels
Carbon cycle
Another name for the water cycle
Hydrologic cycle

41. Another name for a living thing
Process in which green plants use
energy from sunlight to produce
carbohydrates
photosynthesis
Another name for a living thing
organism

42. Tell the group of organisms that all the cycles have in common which keeps matter cycling between living (organic) and nonliving (inorganic) parts of the ecosystem.
decomposers

43. Carbon, Hydrogen, nitrogen , oxygen
Which 4 atoms make up over 95% of the body in most organisms?
Carbon, Hydrogen, nitrogen , oxygen
Which of the biogeochemical cycles you
learned about recycles hydrogen and
oxygen?
Hydrologic or water cycle

44. Process in which bacteria in soil convert nitrogen gas into ammonia
Organism such as mites, snail,
earthworms, or crabs that eat dead
plants or animals
detritivore
Process in which bacteria in soil
convert nitrogen gas into ammonia
Nitrogen fixation

45. An organism that eats ONLY meat
carnivore
Tell how a detritovore is different from
a decomposer.
Both get nutrients from dead organisms; detritivores eat dead stuff; decomposers
Absorb energy from dead stuff, but DON’T actually EAT it.

46. Principle that states no 2 organisms
Symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits by living on or inside another which is harmed
parasitism
Principle that states no 2 organisms
can occupy the same niche in the same
habitat at the same time.
Competitive exclusion principle

47. Group of individuals that belong to the same
Which level is it?
Group of individuals that belong to the same
species and live in the same area. ___________________
Group of ecosystems that have the same climate and communities _____________________
Organisms so similar to one another that
they can breed and produce fertile offspring __________________
Populations that live together in an area ____________________
Portion of the planet in which all life exists ___________________
Collection of all the organisms that live in an area together with their physical environment ___________________
POPULATION
BIOME
SPECIES
COMMUNITY
BIOSPHERE
ECOSYSTEM

48. autotrophs or producers
Organisms that can make their own food
using energy from sunlight or chemical
bonds in inorganic compounds
autotrophs or producers
All the non-living things such as
climate, temperature, weather,
soil type, or sunlight in an
ecosystem that impact an organism
Abiotic factors

49. Hydrologic cycle Another name for the water cycle
Cycle in which photosynthesis and
cellular respiration participate
Carbon cycle

50. heterotrophs or consumers
Organism that can’t make its own food and get energy from consuming other organisms
heterotrophs or consumers
Any relationship in which two species
live closely together
symbiosis

51. Interaction in which one organism captures and feeds on another.
predation
Network of complex interactions
linking all the food chains in an ecosystem
food web

52. Organism that eats only plants
herbivore
Process in which elements, chemical
compounds, and other forms of matter
are passed from part of the biosphere to another
Biogeochemical cycle

53. Organism that eats only meat
carnivore
Process in which liquid water
changes into a gas
evaporation

54. Cycle in which transpiration, evaporation, and condensation play
Process that is part of the carbon cycle
in which sunlight is used to change
atmospheric carbon into biomolecules
used for energy by living things
photosynthesis
Cycle in which transpiration,
evaporation, and condensation play
a role
Water/hydrologic cycle

55. Name a producer in the food web shown
Name a producer in the food web shown
What kind of heterotroph is a leopard seal?
phytoplankton
carnivore

56. Cycle in which volcanic activity and burning fossil fuels plays a role
Carbon cycle
Cycle which is dependent on bacteria
for nitrogen fixation and denitrification
Nitrogen cycle

57. Which type of organism is always on the first trophic level of every food chain
A producer
The process in which organisms use chemical
energy stored IN THE CHEMICAL BONDS OF
INORGANIC MOLECULES to make their own
food in the absence of light is called
_____________________
chemosynthesis

58. Cycle which is dependent on bacteria
Process in which the break down of sugars in
living things returns carbon to the
atmosphere as CO2 during the carbon cycle
Cellular respiration
Cycle which is dependent on bacteria
for nitrogen fixation and denitrification
Nitrogen cycle

59. Rats, voles, mice, & mallards eat both plants and animals
Name an omnivore in the food web shown
What kind of heterotroph is the snail in this food web?
Rats, voles, mice, & mallards eat both plants and animals
herbivore

60. Cellular respiration, burning fossil fuels
Tell 2 human activities by which carbon
can enter the atmosphere as CO2 during the carbon cycle
Cellular respiration, burning fossil fuels
Tell one way carbon leaves the atmosphere
during the carbon cycle.
Photosynthesis
CO2 gas dissolves in water;

61. Tell one way bacteria help with biogeochemical cycles.
Name 2 NON-human activities by which carbon can enter the atmosphere or oceans during the carbon cycle.
Volcanic activity
Decomposition of dead organisms
Deposition as fossil fuels
Erosion
Tell one way bacteria help with
biogeochemical cycles.
Nitrogen fixation & denitrification (nitrogen cycle) Decomposers break down dead organisms (carbon cycle)

62. Add fertilizers; waste treatment plants
Tell something humans do to return nitrogen to the soil for the nitrogen cycle.
Add fertilizers; waste treatment plants
Name the 4 biogeochemical cycles you
learned about.
Carbon, hydrologic (water); nitrogen; phosphorus