1. Renaissance “Rebirth”!

2. Renaissance Period c. 1400-1600 A.D. “Renaissance” is the French word for “rebirth.” refers to the explosion of learning associated with the invention of the printing press and subsequent rediscovery of ancient scholarly texts.

3. Johann Gutenberg and the Printing Press c. 1450

4. The Gutenberg Bible

7. Leonardo da Vinci 1452-1519 Prominent northern Italian painter, sculptor, architect, engineer, and physiologist. Typifies the “Renaissance Man” in his mastery of many disciplines.

8. Leonardo da Vinci 1452-1519 Perspective Study

9. Leonardo da Vinci 1452-1519 The Last Supper

10. Leonardo da Vinci 1452-1519 Anatomical Study

11. Leonardo da Vinci 1452-1519 Homo Vitruvianus (Vitruvian Man)

12. Leonardo da Vinci 1452-1519 La Joconde “Mona Lisa”

13. Leonardo da Vinci 1452-1519 Diagrams for a flying machine

14. Michelangelo Buanorotti 1475-1564 Prominent northern Italian sculptor and painter. Considered himself a sculptor first. On orders of the Pope, painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel at The Vatican in Rome.

16. Michelangelo Buanorotti 1475-1564 Sistine Chapel Ceiling “Creation”

19. Sistine Chapel Interior Sistine Chapel Exterior

20. Michelangelo’s “David”

21. William Shakespeare 1564-1616 Prominent English writer of poetry and plays during the reign of Queen Elizabeth l (Elizabethan Period). Excelled at both comedy and tragedy. Noted for portrayal of the most profound aspects of human nature.

22. William Shakespeare 1564-1616 Prominent English writer of poetry and plays during the reign of Queen Elizabeth l (Elizabethan Period). Excelled at both comedy and tragedy. Noted for portrayal of the most profound aspects of human nature.

23. Nicolaus Copernicus 1473-1543 Church canon (cleric), physician, jurist, and astrologer. Proposed theory of heliocentric (sun centered) universe, which eventually overturned the traditionally held geocentric (earth centered) universe theory.

24. Nicolaus Copernicus 1473-1543 Church canon (cleric), physician, jurist, and astrologer. Proposed theory of heliocentric (sun centered) universe, which eventually overturned the traditionally held geocentric (earth centered) universe theory.

25. Martin Luther 1483-1546 German Catholic priest who initiated the “Protestant Reformation” when he nailed his protests to the selling of indulgences to the Wittenburg Castle Church door.

26. Martin Luther 1483-1546 Believed strongly in the educational and ethical power of music to affect listeners in positive ways. Thought his congregation should sing in unison, with “one united voice.”

27. Martin Luther 1483-1546 Composed hymns in German. Advocated use of the vernacular in worship, opposing the Catholic practice of conducting worship universally in Latin.

28. Listening: Martin Luther’s “Ein Feste Burg ist Unser Gott” (A Mighty Fortress is Our God). Example of early Protestant hymn.

29. King Henry Vlll 1491-1547 Established Protestant church in England with his Act of Supremacy in 1534, a response to the Pope’s refusal to allow his divorce from his first wife Catherine. Eventually had six wives.

30. King Henry Vlll 1491-1547 Accomplished musician, author, and poet. According to legend, he wrote the popular folk song “Greensleeves.”

31. Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina c. 1525-1594 Attained some wealth as a furrier and by marrying a wealthy widow. The most famous representative of the “Roman School” of Renaissance polyphonic choral music.

32. Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina c. 1525-1594 Legendary evidence of the examination of his music in a general review of music writing by the Council of Trent. Whether or not the legend is true, his style became a model for Catholic choral writing.

33. Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina c. 1525-1594 Listening: Kyrie Eleison from Missa Papae Marcelli (Pope Marcellus Mass). Example: Late Renaissance polyphony. The Kyrie Eleison is a section of the Mass, a Catholic worship service.

34. Giovanni Gabrieli c. 1553-1612 Late Italian Renaissance / early Baroque composer especially noted for work in Venetian polychoral style. Antiphonal music.

36. Cathedra l de San Marco Venice, Italy

39. Giovanni Gabrieli c. 1553-1612 Listening: Canzon in Double Echo. Example: Cori Spezzati (Venetian polychoral style), antiphonal music.

40. Cori Spezzati Literally “divided choirs.” Also called polychoral style. Choirs, vocal or instrumental, at opposing ends of chamber perform antiphonally (echoing style).

41. Madrigal A form of secular choral music of the Renaissance. Featured polyphonic part singing and special vocal techniques. Featured “word painting.”

42. Word Painting The practice of illustrating words with music, common in Renaissance madrigals and motets.

43. Motet A form of sacred choral music of the Renaissance. Sacred counterpart of the madrigal.

44. Thomas Weelkes 1575-1623 English Renaissance composer. Especially noted for composition of English madrigals.

45. Thomas Weelkes 1575-1623 Listening: As Vesta was from Latmos Hill Descending (1601). Example: English madrigal, word painting.

46. Michael Praetorius Born February 15, 1571 Michael Shultze Studied Divinity at University of Frankfurt Organist at Marienkirche in Frankfurt 1604- Kapellmeister at Wolfenbuttel Court 1613-1616- Saxon Court at Dresden

47. Michael Praetorius Listening: “La Bouree” from Terpsichore Example: Renaissance Dance